Abstract
Common wheat grains are characterised by low concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg, which can be partially removed with the bran during milling processes. This preliminary study investigated the effects of foliar fertilisation at the earing stage with nitrates of Ca, Mg, and K contemporarily, together with a small amount of urea and protein hydrolysate as potential carriers, in two contrasting common wheat varieties, i.e., Solehio (medium proteins content) and Vivendo (high proteins content). Based on the preliminary grain-to-straw concentration ratio of these minerals, two biofortification targets were applied in order to increase their grain contents by +20% and +40%, in comparison with untreated controls. Here, we demonstrate that the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo, and Ca by 7% in Solehio, with no boosting effects of the co-formulants urea and protein hydrolysate. In addition to some qualitative benefits due to nitrates supply, negligible phytotoxicity symptoms were observed, as revealed by the NDVI vegetational index dynamics. Although the biofortification target was not fully achieved, this study firstly reports the possibility to increase at the same time Mg and K, and to a lower extent Ca in wheat grains. It is concluded that efficient multiple biofortification should consider a variety-depend response, while further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of different fertilisation timings and doses for improving the poor mineral translocation to the grains.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The highest fertilizer dose increased grain K in Vivendo by 13%.
- Taxon
- Common Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Material
- Vivendoe0
- Treatment
- highest fertilisation dosee0
- Outcome
- grain Ke0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 13%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo”
t0“Common Wheat Grains with Combined Ca, Mg, and K through Foliar Fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest fertilizer dose increased grain Mg in Vivendo by 16%.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Vivendoe0
- Treatment
- highest fertilisation dosee0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo”
t0“Common Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest fertilizer dose increased grain Ca in Solehio by 7%.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Solehioe0
- Treatment
- highest fertilisation dosee0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo, and Ca by 7% in Solehio”
t0“Common Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea and protein hydrolysate did not boost grain mineral biofortification.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- co-formulants urea and protein hydrolysatee0
- Outcome
- boosting effectse0
- Direction
- no boosting effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with no boosting effects of the co-formulants urea and protein hydrolysate”
t0“Common Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate supply produced some qualitative benefits.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- nitrates supplye0
- Outcome
- qualitative benefitse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some qualitative benefits due to nitrates supply”
t0“Common Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization caused negligible phytotoxicity symptoms as assessed by NDVI dynamics.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- foliar fertilisationt0
- Outcome
- phytotoxicity symptomse0
- Direction
- negligiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“negligible phytotoxicity symptoms were observed, as revealed by the NDVI vegetational index dynamics”
t0“Common Wheat Grains with Combined Ca, Mg, and K through Foliar Fertilisation”
Claim · model-written summary
The targeted grain mineral increase was not fully achieved.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- biofortification targete0
- Direction
- not fully achievede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the biofortification target was not fully achieved”
t0“Common Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficient multiple biofortification should account for varietal response.
- Taxon
- Common WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- consider a variety-depend responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“efficient multiple biofortification should consider a variety-depend response”
t0“Common Wheat”
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