Abstract
Ten treatments, viz. clodinafop 60 g/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 g/ha, metribuzin 175 g/ha, pinoxaden 50 g/ha, clodinafop 60 + metribuzin 105 and 122.5 g/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 + metribuzin 105 g/ha, sulfosulfuron 25 + pinoxaden + 40 g/ha, weed free and unweeded check were tested during the Rabi season of 2010-11 and 2011-12 at Palampur. Grassy weeds (Phalaris minor, Avena ludoviciana, Poa annua and Lolium temulentum) constituted 90% of the total weed flora. All the weed control treatments were significantly superior to weedy check in curtailing dry weight of Phalaris, Avena and Vicia sativa. Metribuzin remaining at par with sulfosulfuron effectively reduced the dry weight of Poa annua. Clodinafop alone was least effective against Poa annua. Weed free, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clodinafop + metribuzin resulted in significant reduction in the dry weight of L. temulentum. Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 105 g/ha, pinoxaden 50 g/ha and weed free resulted in significantly higher grain yield of wheat. Weeds reduced grain yield of wheat by 59.3%. Grain yield was negatively associated with weed count and weed biomass and positively associated with plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike and effective tillers. With every 1 g/m 2 increase in weed dry weight, the grain yield of wheat was expected to fall by 41.55 kg/ha. The economic threshold levels (number of weeds/unit area) with weed management practices varied between 2.6-45.4/m 2 . Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ ha resulted in highest weed control efficiency, crop resistance index and efficiency index. It gave lowest weed persistence index and weed index. Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha resulted in highest net return due to weed control. Metribuzin 175 g/ha resulted in the highest marginal benefit: cost ratio.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
All weed control treatments significantly reduced the dry weight of Phalaris, Avena and Vicia sativa compared with the weedy check.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- weed control treatmentse1
- Outcome
- dry weighte1
- Direction
- curtailinge1
- Comparator
- weedy checke1
Phalaris
AvenaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“All the weed control treatments were significantly superior to weedy check in curtailing dry weight of Phalaris, Avena and Vicia sativa”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin, at par with sulfosulfuron, effectively reduced the dry weight of Poa annua.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Metribuzine2
- Outcome
- dry weighte2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- sulfosulfurone2
Poa annuaOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e2“Metribuzin remaining at par with sulfosulfuron effectively reduced the dry weight of Poa annua”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop alone was the least effective treatment against Poa annua.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clodinafop alonee3
- Outcome
- least effectivee3
- Direction
- least effectivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e3“Clodinafop alone was least effective against Poa annua”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed free, clodinafop, pinoxaden and clodinafop + metribuzin significantly reduced the dry weight of L. temulentum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weed free, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clodinafop + metribuzine4
- Interactor
- L. temulentum
Lolium temulentume4weed - Outcome
- dry weighte4
- Direction
- significant reductione4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e4“Weed free, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clodinafop + metribuzin resulted in significant reduction in the dry weight of L. temulentum”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop + metribuzin (122.5 and 105 g/ha) and pinoxaden 50 g/ha significantly increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 105 g/ha, pinoxaden 50 g/hae5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e5“Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 105 g/ha, pinoxaden 50 g/ha and weed free resulted in significantly higher grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed free significantly increased wheat grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weed freee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- significantly highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e5“Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha, clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 105 g/ha, pinoxaden 50 g/ha and weed free resulted in significantly higher grain yield of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was negatively associated with weed count and weed biomass.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weed count and weed biomasse6
- Outcome
- Grain yielde6
- Direction
- negatively associatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e6“Grain yield was negatively associated with weed count and weed biomass and positively associated with plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike and effective tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was positively associated with plant height, spike length and spikelets per spike.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- plant height, spike length, spikelets/spikee6
- Outcome
- Grain yielde6
- Direction
- positively associatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e6“Grain yield was negatively associated with weed count and weed biomass and positively associated with plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike and effective tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was positively associated with effective tillers.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- effective tillerse6
- Outcome
- Grain yielde6
- Direction
- positively associatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e6“Grain yield was negatively associated with weed count and weed biomass and positively associated with plant height, spike length, spikelets/spike and effective tillers”
Claim · model-written summary
Each 1 g/m2 increase in weed dry weight was expected to reduce wheat grain yield by 41.55 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- weed dry weighte7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- falle7
- Value
- 41.55 kg/hae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e7“With every 1 g/m 2 increase in weed dry weight, the grain yield of wheat was expected to fall by 41.55 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced wheat grain yield by 59.3%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Weedse1
- Interactor
- Weedse1weed
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 59.3%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“Weeds reduced grain yield of wheat by 59.3%”
Claim · model-written summary
The economic threshold level varied between 2.6 and 45.4 weeds per m2 across weed management practices.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- weedse1weed
- Outcome
- economic threshold levelse1
- Value
- 2.6-45.4/m 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“The economic threshold levels (number of weeds/unit area) with weed management practices varied between 2.6-45.4/m 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha gave the highest weed control efficiency, crop resistance index and efficiency index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ hae1
- Outcome
- weed control efficiency, crop resistance index and efficiency indexe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ ha resulted in highest weed control efficiency, crop resistance index and efficiency index”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha gave the lowest weed persistence index and weed index.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ hae2
- Outcome
- weed persistence index and weed indexe1
- Direction
- loweste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“It gave lowest weed persistence index and weed index”
e2“Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ ha resulted in highest weed control efficiency, crop resistance index and efficiency index”
Claim · model-written summary
Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha gave the highest net return due to weed control.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/hae1
- Outcome
- net returne1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“Clodinafop 60 g/ha + metribuzin 122.5 g/ha resulted in highest net return due to weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
Metribuzin 175 g/ha gave the highest marginal benefit: cost ratio.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Metribuzin 175 g/hae1
- Outcome
- marginal benefit: cost ratioe1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“weed control in wheat”
e1“Metribuzin 175 g/ha resulted in the highest marginal benefit: cost ratio”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.