Abstract
Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed differential tolerance to chlorsulfuron. Cultivar Kotare showed no injury symptoms following foliar applications of chlorsulfuron at 15 or 60 g a.i. ha −1 , while cultivars Rongotea and Lancer showed early damage in pot and field experiments at both rates of chlorsulfuron. Cultivars Abele and Jasper were intermediate in their response. The number of spikelets per ear was the only yield component affected by chlorsulfuron and was reduced in Lancer and Rongotea. Retention, uptake and transiocation of chlorsulfuron were not different between Kotare and Ron‐gotea. Within 48 h of application, Kotare metabolized 92–2% of [ 14 C]chlorsulfuron, while Lancer and Rongotea metabolized only 43–5% and 63% of the herbicide, respectively. The concentration of chlorsulfuron in young tissues of Kotare, Lancer and Rongotea, 48 h after application was calculated as 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weight, respectively. It is concluded that differential rates of metabolism are the main reason for differences in sensitivity to chlorsulfuron between the wheat cultivars tested. Le mécanisme des différences de tolérance au chlorsulfuron entre variétés de blé Des variétés de blé (Triticum aestivum L.) ont montré des différences de tolérance au chlorsul‐furon. On n'a aucun symptôme de phytotoxicité sur la variété‘Kotare’ après une application foliaire de chlorsulfuron à 15 ou 60 g m.a. ha −1 , alors que les variétés ‘Rongotea’ et ‘Lancer’ présentaient des symptômes précoces aux deux doses, dans des expériences en pot et au champ. La réponse des variété‘Abele’ et ‘Jasper’était intermédiaire. Le nombre de grains par épillet était la seule composante du rendement affectée parle chlorsulfuron et était réduit chez Lancer et Rongotea. La rétention, la pénétration et la migration de chlorsulfuron n'était pas différentes entre Kotare et Rongotea. Quarante huit heures après le traitement, Kotare avait metabolise 92,2% du [ 14 C]chlorsulfuron, alors que Lancer et Rongotea ne métabolisaient que respectivement 43,5 et 63% de l'herbicide. La concentration de chlorsulfuron dans les tissus jeunes de Kotare, Lancer et Rongotea 48 h après la traitement a étéévaluée à respectivement 1,2,31,9 et 15,6 ng g −1 de matière sèche. Il est conclu que des différences de vitesse de métabolisation sont la raison principale des différences de sensibilité au chlorsulfuron observées chez les variétés de blé testées. Mechanismen der unterschiedlichen Reaktion von Weizensorten auf Chlorsulfuron‐Behandlun‐gen Es wurde eine unterschiedliche Toleranz bei Weizensorten ( Triticum aestivum L.) gegenüber Chlorsulfuron‐Behandlungen beobachtet. Bei der Sorte ‘Kotare’ traten nach Behandlungen mit 15 oder 60 g AS ha keine Schadsymtome auf, während die Sorten ‘Rongotea’ und ‘Lancer’ sowohl in Topfals auch in Freilandversuchen bei beiden Dosen frühe Schädigungen erlitten; die Sorten ‘Abel’ und ‘Jasper’ reagierten mittelstark. Unter den Ertragskomponenten war nur die Zahl der Ährchen pro Ähre betroffen, sie war bei ‘Lancer’ und ‘Rongotea’ reduziert. Aufnahme und Translokation des Wirkstoffs waren bei ‘Kotare’ und ‘Rongotea’ gleich. Bei ‘Kotare’ war [ 14 C]Chlorsulfuron 48 h nach der Applikation zu 92,2 % metabolisiert, bei ‘Rongotea’ zu 63 % und bei ‘Lancer’ zu 43,5 %. In jungen Geweben dieser Sorten lagen die Chlor‐sulfuron‐Konzentrationen 48 h nach der Anwendung bei 1,2, 15,6 und 31,9 ng g −1 TM. Die unterschiedlichen Metabolisierungsraten bei den untersuchten Weizensorten wurden für den Hauptgrund für die Toleranzunterschiede gegenüber Chlorsulfuron gehalten.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Kotare showed no injury at either chlorsulfuron application rate.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Material
- Kotaree0
- Treatment
- foliar applications of chlorsulfuron at 15 or 60 g a.i. ha −1e0
- Outcome
- no injury symptomse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivar Kotare showed no injury symptoms following foliar applications of chlorsulfuron at 15 or 60 g a.i. ha −1”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rongotea showed early damage at both application rates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Rongoteae0
- Treatment
- both rates of chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- early damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivars Rongotea and Lancer showed early damage in pot and field experiments at both rates of chlorsulfuron”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lancer showed early damage at both application rates.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Lancere0
- Treatment
- both rates of chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- early damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cultivars Rongotea and Lancer showed early damage in pot and field experiments at both rates of chlorsulfuron”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Abele had intermediate response to chlorsulfuron.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Abelee0
- Outcome
- intermediate in their responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivars Abele and Jasper were intermediate in their response.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasper had intermediate response to chlorsulfuron.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Jaspere0
- Outcome
- intermediate in their responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cultivars Abele and Jasper were intermediate in their response.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet number was reduced in Lancer and Rongotea.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Lancer and Rongoteae0
- Treatment
- chlorsulfurone0
- Outcome
- number of spikelets per eare0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of spikelets per ear was the only yield component affected by chlorsulfuron and was reduced in Lancer and Rongotea.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Retention, uptake and translocation did not differ between Kotare and Rongotea.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kotaree0
- Outcome
- Retention, uptake and transiocation of chlorsulfurone0
- Direction
- not differente0
- Comparator
- Ron‐goteae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Retention, uptake and transiocation of chlorsulfuron were not different between Kotare and Ron‐gotea.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Kotare metabolized 92–2% of radiolabeled chlorsulfuron within 48 hours.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kotaree0
- Outcome
- metabolizede0
- Value
- 92–2%e0
- Qualifier
- Within 48 h of applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Within 48 h of application, Kotare metabolized 92–2% of [ 14 C]chlorsulfuron”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Lancer metabolized 43–5% of herbicide within 48 hours.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Lancere0
- Outcome
- metabolizede0
- Value
- 43–5%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lancer and Rongotea metabolized only 43–5% and 63% of the herbicide, respectively.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Rongotea metabolized 63% of herbicide within 48 hours.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Rongoteae0
- Outcome
- metabolizede0
- Value
- 63%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lancer and Rongotea metabolized only 43–5% and 63% of the herbicide, respectively.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Young Kotare tissues had calculated chlorsulfuron concentration of 1.2 ng g −1 dry weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Kotaree0
- Organ / stage
- young tissuese0
- Outcome
- concentration of chlorsulfurone0
- Value
- 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of chlorsulfuron in young tissues of Kotare, Lancer and Rongotea, 48 h after application was calculated as 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weight, respectively.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Young Lancer tissues had calculated chlorsulfuron concentration of 31.9 ng g −1 dry weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Lancere0
- Organ / stage
- young tissuese0
- Outcome
- concentration of chlorsulfurone0
- Value
- 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of chlorsulfuron in young tissues of Kotare, Lancer and Rongotea, 48 h after application was calculated as 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weight, respectively.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Young Rongotea tissues had calculated chlorsulfuron concentration of 15.6 ng g −1 dry weight.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- Rongoteae0
- Organ / stage
- young tissuese0
- Outcome
- concentration of chlorsulfurone0
- Value
- 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weighte0
- Qualifier
- 48 h after applicatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The concentration of chlorsulfuron in young tissues of Kotare, Lancer and Rongotea, 48 h after application was calculated as 1.2, 31.9 and 15.6 ng g −1 dry weight, respectively.”
e1“Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed cultivar sensitivity differences chiefly to metabolic rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- differences in sensitivity to chlorsulfurone0
- Qualifier
- differential rates of metabolisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It is concluded that differential rates of metabolism are the main reason for differences in sensitivity to chlorsulfuron between the wheat cultivars tested.”
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