Abstract
Abstract In Australia, wheat planting is preferred in June compared with May to kill early cohorts of weeds before planting, particularly in fields with a history of high weed infestation. However, wheat grain yield is often reduced for June planting. This study aimed to investigate the integrated effect of planting dates (May 7, i.e., early‐planted, and June 7, i.e., late‐planted), seeding rates (100 and 200 seeds m −2 ), and weed control treatments (nontreated control, pyroxasulfone 100 g a.i. ha −1 , triallate 800 g a.i. ha −1 , trifluralin 600 g a.i. ha −1 , and prosulfocarb 2000 g a.i. ha −1 + S‐metolachlor 300 g a.i. ha −1 ) on Avena ludoviciana (Durieu) control and wheat yield. For early‐planted wheat, the pyroxasulfone‐treated plots had a higher yield (5.5 Mg ha −1 ) at a low seeding rate compared with a high seeding rate (4.7 Mg ha −1 ). Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat using a low seeding rate produced a higher yield than each treatment of late‐planted wheat. In late‐planted wheat, varied seeding rates did not influence grain yield, irrespective of weed control treatments. Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave similar yields, and yield levels in these treatments were higher than trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor treatments. A high seeding rate in early‐planted wheat resulted in an increased grain yield by 42%, 27%, and 28% in nontreated, trifluralin, and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate. Weed biomass and weed seed production were lower in late‐planted wheat than in early‐planted wheat. Pyroxasulfone‐ and triallate‐treated plots accrued lower weed biomass and weed seed production than the nontreated plots. Averaged over weed control treatments, weed seed production was highest (2700 seeds m −2 ) in the early crop planted at a low seeding rate, which was reduced by 42% with late planting using a similar seeding rate. Averaged over weed control treatments, a high seeding rate in early‐ and late‐planted crops reduced weed seed production by 68% and 48%, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate. These results suggest that pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheat can control A. ludoviciana effectively, limit weed seed production similar to late‐planted wheat, and prove a profitable option due to improved productivity compared with late‐planted wheat.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone-treated plots in early-planted wheat yielded more at a low seeding rate than at a high seeding rate.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- low seeding ratee1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 5.5 Mg ha −1e1
- Qualifier
- pyroxasulfone‐treated plotse1
- Comparator
- a high seeding ratee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“For early‐planted wheat, the pyroxasulfone‐treated plots had a higher yield (5.5 Mg ha −1 ) at a low seeding rate compared with a high seeding rate (4.7 Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone and triallate in early-planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave higher yields than each late-planted wheat treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatmentse2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- highere2
- Qualifier
- using a low seeding ratee2
- Comparator
- each treatment of late‐planted wheate2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat using a low seeding rate produced a higher yield than each treatment of late‐planted wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
In late-planted wheat, varied seeding rates did not change grain yield regardless of weed control treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- varied seeding ratese3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In late‐planted wheat, varied seeding rates did not influence grain yield, irrespective of weed control treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone and triallate in early-planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave similar yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatmentse4
- Outcome
- yieldse4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave similar yields, and yield levels in these treatments were higher than trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early-planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave higher yield levels than trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatmentse4
- Outcome
- yield levelse4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Pyroxasulfone and triallate treatments in early‐planted wheat at a low seeding rate gave similar yields, and yield levels in these treatments were higher than trifluralin and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
A high seeding rate in early-planted wheat increased grain yield by 42% compared with a low seeding rate in nontreated plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 42%e5
- Qualifier
- nontreatede5
- Comparator
- a low seeding ratee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A high seeding rate in early‐planted wheat resulted in an increased grain yield by 42%, 27%, and 28% in nontreated, trifluralin, and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
A high seeding rate in early-planted wheat increased grain yield by 27% compared with a low seeding rate under trifluralin.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 27%e5
- Qualifier
- trifluraline5
- Comparator
- a low seeding ratee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A high seeding rate in early‐planted wheat resulted in an increased grain yield by 42%, 27%, and 28% in nontreated, trifluralin, and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
A high seeding rate in early-planted wheat increased grain yield by 28% compared with a low seeding rate under prosulfocarb + S-metolachlor.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 28%e5
- Qualifier
- prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlore5
- Comparator
- a low seeding ratee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“A high seeding rate in early‐planted wheat resulted in an increased grain yield by 42%, 27%, and 28% in nontreated, trifluralin, and prosulfocarb + S‐metolachlor, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed biomass and weed seed production were lower in late-planted wheat than in early-planted wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- late‐planted wheate6
- Interactor
- Avena ludoviciana
.jpg?width=60)
Avena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed - Outcome
- Weed biomass and weed seed productione6
- Direction
- lowere6
- Comparator
- early‐planted wheate6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e6“Weed biomass and weed seed production were lower in late‐planted wheat than in early‐planted wheat”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone and triallate treated plots accrued lower weed biomass and weed seed production than nontreated plots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Pyroxasulfone‐ and triallate‐treated plotse7
- Interactor
- Avena ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomass and weed seed productione7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Comparator
- the nontreated plotse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Pyroxasulfone‐ and triallate‐treated plots accrued lower weed biomass and weed seed production than the nontreated plots”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed seed production was highest in the early crop planted at a low seeding rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low seeding ratee0
- Interactor
- Avena ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed productione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2700 seeds m −2e0
- Qualifier
- Averaged over weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over weed control treatments, weed seed production was highest (2700 seeds m −2 ) in the early crop planted at a low seeding rate, which was reduced by 42% with late planting using a similar seeding rate”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting reduced weed seed production by 42% compared with the early crop planted at a low seeding rate.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- late plantinge0
- Interactor
- Avena ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 42%e0
- Comparator
- early crop planted at a low seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over weed control treatments, weed seed production was highest (2700 seeds m −2 ) in the early crop planted at a low seeding rate, which was reduced by 42% with late planting using a similar seeding rate”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
In early-planted crops, a high seeding rate reduced weed seed production by 68% compared with a low seeding rate, averaged over weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee0
- Interactor
- Avena ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Qualifier
- Averaged over weed control treatmentse0
- Comparator
- a low seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over weed control treatments, a high seeding rate in early‐ and late‐planted crops reduced weed seed production by 68% and 48%, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
In late-planted crops, a high seeding rate reduced weed seed production by 48% compared with a low seeding rate, averaged over weed control treatments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- high seeding ratee0
- Interactor
- Avena ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianat0weed
- Outcome
- weed seed productione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 48%e0
- Qualifier
- Averaged over weed control treatmentse0
- Comparator
- a low seeding ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over weed control treatments, a high seeding rate in early‐ and late‐planted crops reduced weed seed production by 68% and 48%, respectively, compared with a low seeding rate”
t0“Improving wheat productivity through integrated management of Avena ludoviciana”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone in early-planted wheat is recommended to control A. ludoviciana effectively.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheate0
- Interactor
- A. ludovicianaAvena sterilis subsp. ludovicianae0weed
- Outcome
- control A. ludoviciana effectivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheat can control A. ludoviciana effectively, limit weed seed production similar to late‐planted wheat, and prove a profitable option due to improved productivity compared with late‐planted wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyroxasulfone in early-planted wheat is a profitable option compared with late-planted wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheate0
- Outcome
- a profitable optione0
- Comparator
- late‐planted wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that pyroxasulfone in early‐planted wheat can control A. ludoviciana effectively, limit weed seed production similar to late‐planted wheat, and prove a profitable option due to improved productivity compared with late‐planted wheat”
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