Abstract
Purpose and objectives. To analyze the variability of major features of common dill plants of the local gene pool, to identify sources for the breeding for performance and resistance to weather conditions and to create new genotypes. Material and methods. The study was conducted in compliance with "Methodology of Experimentation in Vegetable Growing" (2001) and "Modern Methods in Vegetable Breeding" (2001) in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS) in 2006–2016. The variability and adaptability of traits were eveluated by A.V. Kіlchevskiy, A.V. Khotilyova and L.V. Sazonova’s method. The botanical classification was conducted as B.I. Sechkaryov described. Results and discussion. In 2006–2016, the yield, morphological and biochemical traits of common dill, cultivar Sanat, were analyzed. It was noticed that the plant height variability was medium (the variation coefficient was 23%) over the growing years; the variability of other parameters (leaf length and width, plant width, stem width) was high with the variation coefficient within 25‑41%. The variation coefficient for the stem height was 100%, which indicates the trait heterogeneity. That is, the established parameters of variability specifically indicate that the cultivar is plastic. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between the leaf width and length and the plant width and height (r = 0.93) and a strong negative correlation between the stem height and width (r = -0.71). The results showed that the variability of dry matter was within 12.01–17.42%, of the total sugar – within 1.19–2.21%, of the ascorbic acid content – within 98.01–121.81 mg/100 g, and of nitrate content - within 1084–1920 mg/kg with the max-min difference of 5.41%, 1.02%, 23.81 mg/100 g, and 836 mg/kg, respectively. The total sugar was considered a stable trait; the nitrate content – a changing one. It was determined that homogeneity could be only achieved in the 5th – 6th generations of intercultivar hybrid populations segregating in the 1st – 3rd generations provided free pollination and selection for increased leaf length and ascorbic acid content. Conclusions. Using periodic selection by major macrotraits with due account for plasticity parameters, we created competitive lines of common dill: Sheva and Chirik exceeding the standard in terms of the ascorbic acid content and yield by 24.7 mg/100 g and 5.1 t/ha, respectively.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Plant height variability of common dill was medium (variation coefficient 23%).
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e1“the plant height variability was medium (the variation coefficient was 23%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Variability of leaf length and width, plant width and stem width was high.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e2“the variability of other parameters (leaf length and width, plant width, stem width) was high”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem height variation coefficient was 100%, indicating heterogeneity of the trait.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e3“The variation coefficient for the stem height was 100%”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf width and length were strongly positively correlated with plant width and height (r = 0.93).
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e4“a strong positive correlation between the leaf width and length and the plant width and height (r = 0.93)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem height and stem width were strongly negatively correlated (r = -0.71).
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e5“a strong negative correlation between the stem height and width (r = -0.71)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter varied within 12.01–17.42%.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e6“the variability of dry matter was within 12.01–17.42%”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar varied within 1.19–2.21%.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e7“of the total sugar – within 1.19–2.21%”
Claim · model-written summary
Ascorbic acid content varied within 98.01–121.81 mg/100 g.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e1“of the ascorbic acid content – within 98.01–121.81 mg/100 g”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate content varied within 1084–1920 mg/kg.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e1“nitrate content - within 1084–1920 mg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Total sugar was a stable trait, whereas nitrate content changed.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e1“The total sugar was considered a stable trait; the nitrate content – a changing one”
Claim · model-written summary
Homogeneity was achieved only in the 5th–6th generations of intercultivar hybrid populations, under free pollination and selection.
Verbatim
e0“common dill, cultivar Sanat”
e1“homogeneity could be only achieved in the 5th – 6th generations of intercultivar hybrid populations”
e2“provided free pollination and selection for increased leaf length and ascorbic acid content”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheva and Chirik lines exceeded the standard in ascorbic acid content by 24.7 mg/100 g.
Verbatim
e1“competitive lines of common dill: Sheva and Chirik exceeding the standard in terms of the ascorbic acid content and yield by 24.7 mg/100 g and 5.1 t/ha, respectively”
e2“Using periodic selection by major macrotraits”
Claim · model-written summary
Sheva and Chirik lines exceeded the standard in yield by 5.1 t/ha.
Verbatim
e1“competitive lines of common dill: Sheva and Chirik exceeding the standard in terms of the ascorbic acid content and yield by 24.7 mg/100 g and 5.1 t/ha, respectively”
e2“Using periodic selection by major macrotraits”