Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of harvest cut height and foliar fungicide application on brown mid-rib (BMR) whole plant corn silage (WPCS) yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability. Foliar fungicide (prothioconazole and trifloxystrobin; Delaro, Bayer CropScience) treatments were randomly assigned to one of sixteen 0.21-hectare plots as follows: control (CON), plants received no application; treatment 1 (V5), plants received one application at corn vegetative stage 5 (V5); treatment 2 (V5R1), plants received two applications at V5 and corn reproductive stage 1 (R1); treatment 3 (R1), plants received one application at R1. At reproductive stages R1 and R5, 12 corn plants per plot were evaluated and the number of yellow leaves was recorded. At R5, corn plants in R1 and V5R1 had less (P = 0.0001) yellow leaves (0.35 and 0.47; SEM = 0 .19, respectively) than CON and V5 (0.63 and 1.08; SEM = 0.19, respectively). Ten random plants from each plot were evaluated for disease at stages V5, R1, and R5. Disease prevalence was recorded as percent of the total individual plant infected. Fungicide application had no effect (P = 0.5922) on disease prevalence (1.62%, 1.07%, 1.23%, 1.48%; SEM = 0.30 for CON, V5, V5R1, and R1, respectively). On August 30, 2017, WPCS was harvested at 34.0±1.6% dry matter (DM). Each plot consisted of 16 rows; 8 of which were harvested at a low cut height of 30.5 cm (LC) and 8 of which were harvested at a high cut height of 56 cm (HC). Fungicide application had no effect on WPCS DM, gross yield, or DM yield (P > 0.51). Fungicide application had no significant effect on fermentation profile, chemical composition of WPCS (P > 0.06), but significant two way interactions of fungicide application × days ensiled were observed. Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores (P = 0.02), and higher lactic acid (P = 0.02), acetic acid (P < 0.0001), and total acid concentrations (P = 0.03). Dry matter of WPCS was higher (P = 0.0012) in HC than LC (34.57% and 33.43%; SEM = 0.39, respectively). Gross yield of WPCS was lower (P = 0.0023) in HC than LC (38,281 and 41,931; SEM = 1,050; kg/ha, respectively). Dry matter yield of WPCS was lower (P = 0.0284) for HC than LC (13,234 and 14,004; SEM = 362; kg/ha, respectively). Increasing the chop height from 30.5 cm to 56 cm resulted in an 8.7% gross yield loss, but only resulted in a 5.5% loss of dry matter yield content. Raising cut height resulted in decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations and increased effective degradability (ED) of crude protein (CP) in the rumen. In conclusion, fungicide application had no effect on disease prevalence in corn plants, but did reduce the number of yellow leaves. Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores, and higher lactic, acetic, and total acid concentrations. Cut height reduced gross yield and DM yield of WPCS, but increased the DM of WPCS. Raising the cut height had no effect on NDF concentrations or VFA score, but reduced ADF, ADL, lactic acid, acetic acid, and total acid concentrations.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
R1-treated corn had fewer yellow leaves than CON and V5 at R5.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- R1e0
- Outcome
- yellow leavese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 0.35e0
- Qualifier
- at R5e0
- Comparator
- CON and V5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At R5, corn plants in R1 and V5R1 had less (P = 0.0001) yellow leaves (0.35 and 0.47; SEM = 0 .19, respectively) than CON and V5 (0.63 and 1.08; SEM = 0.19, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
V5R1-treated corn had fewer yellow leaves than CON and V5 at R5.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- V5R1e0
- Outcome
- yellow leavese0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 0.47e0
- Qualifier
- At R5e0
- Comparator
- CON and V5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At R5, corn plants in R1 and V5R1 had less (P = 0.0001) yellow leaves (0.35 and 0.47; SEM = 0 .19, respectively) than CON and V5 (0.63 and 1.08; SEM = 0.19, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application had no significant effect on corn disease prevalence.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- disease prevalencee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- CONe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no effect (P = 0.5922) on disease prevalence (1.62%, 1.07%, 1.23%, 1.48%; SEM = 0.30 for CON, V5, V5R1, and R1, respectively)”
e1“corn plants in R1 and V5R1”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application did not significantly affect silage dry matter, gross yield, or dry matter yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- WPCS DM, gross yield, or DM yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no effect on WPCS DM, gross yield, or DM yield (P > 0.51)”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application did not significantly affect silage fermentation profile or chemical composition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- fermentation profile, chemical composition of WPCSe0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide application had no significant effect on fermentation profile, chemical composition of WPCS (P > 0.06)”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide application interacted significantly with ensiling duration.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- fungicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- two way interactionse0
- Qualifier
- days ensilede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant two way interactions of fungicide application × days ensiled were observed”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated ensiled corn had higher VFA scores over time.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatede0
- Outcome
- VFA scorese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- ensiled over timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores (P = 0.02)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated ensiled corn had higher lactic acid concentration over time.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatede0
- Outcome
- lactic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- ensiled over timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores (P = 0.02), and higher lactic acid (P = 0.02), acetic acid (P < 0.0001), and total acid concentrations (P = 0.03)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated ensiled corn had higher acetic acid concentration over time.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatede0
- Outcome
- acetic acide0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- ensiled over timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores (P = 0.02), and higher lactic acid (P = 0.02), acetic acid (P < 0.0001), and total acid concentrations (P = 0.03)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated ensiled corn had higher total acid concentration over time.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Fungicide treatede0
- Outcome
- total acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- ensiled over timee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fungicide treated corn ensiled over time had higher VFA scores (P = 0.02), and higher lactic acid (P = 0.02), acetic acid (P < 0.0001), and total acid concentrations (P = 0.03)”
Claim · model-written summary
High-cut silage had greater dry matter percentage than low-cut silage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- HCe0
- Outcome
- Dry matter of WPCSe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 34.57%e0
- Comparator
- LCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter of WPCS was higher (P = 0.0012) in HC than LC (34.57% and 33.43%; SEM = 0.39, respectively)”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
High-cut silage had lower gross yield than low-cut silage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- HCe0
- Outcome
- Gross yield of WPCSe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 38,281e0
- Qualifier
- kg/hae0
- Comparator
- LCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gross yield of WPCS was lower (P = 0.0023) in HC than LC (38,281 and 41,931; SEM = 1,050; kg/ha, respectively)”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
High-cut silage had lower dry matter yield than low-cut silage.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- HCe0
- Outcome
- Dry matter yield of WPCSe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 13,234e0
- Qualifier
- kg/hae0
- Comparator
- LCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yield of WPCS was lower (P = 0.0284) for HC than LC (13,234 and 14,004; SEM = 362; kg/ha, respectively)”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising chop height caused an 8.7% gross yield loss.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Increasing the chop height from 30.5 cm to 56 cme0
- Outcome
- gross yielde0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 8.7%e0
- Comparator
- 30.5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the chop height from 30.5 cm to 56 cm resulted in an 8.7% gross yield loss”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising chop height caused a 5.5% dry matter yield loss.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Increasing the chop height from 30.5 cm to 56 cme0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield contente0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 5.5%e0
- Comparator
- 30.5 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the chop height from 30.5 cm to 56 cm resulted in an 8.7% gross yield loss, but only resulted in a 5.5% loss of dry matter yield content”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising cut height lowered silage acid detergent fiber and lignin concentrations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Raising cut heighte0
- Outcome
- acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raising cut height resulted in decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising cut height increased effective degradability of crude protein in the rumen.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Raising cut heighte0
- Outcome
- effective degradability (ED) of crude protein (CP) in the rumene0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raising cut height resulted in decreased acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) concentrations and increased effective degradability (ED) of crude protein (CP) in the rumen”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising cut height did not affect silage NDF concentration or VFA score.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Raising the cut heighte0
- Outcome
- NDF concentrations or VFA scoree0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raising the cut height had no effect on NDF concentrations or VFA score”
t0“corn silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Raising cut height reduced silage lactic, acetic, and total acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Raising the cut heighte0
- Outcome
- lactic acid, acetic acid, and total acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Raising the cut height had no effect on NDF concentrations or VFA score, but reduced ADF, ADL, lactic acid, acetic acid, and total acid concentrations”
t0“corn silage”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · growth · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →fungicide · disease · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 53 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
59 papers more in this group
See all 63 papers →fungicide · quality: general · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.