Abstract
Abstract Above‐ and below‐ground organisms can interact by altering the quality of shared host plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) influence plant nutrient uptake, including nitrogen (N) acquisition. Under low N and phosphorus conditions, AMF delivery of N from organic sources not immediately available to the plant can have large impacts on plant N status, a limiting nutrient in the aphid diet. This study investigated the effect of AMF colonisation upon aphid number and determined the consequences of AMF directly accessing an organic nutrient patch that the plant cannot. We hypothesised that AMF colonisation of plants will increase plant and aphid N status, plant performance and aphid number, but only when the AMF had direct access to the added organic patch. Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF. A two‐compartment microcosm was used to separate the plant roots from a 15 N‐labelled organic patch in a second compartment. AMF‐colonised plants, but without access to the second compartment, were used to examine the effect of AMF colonisation on aphid number. In a separate treatment, and to determine whether AMF access to a plant inaccessible N source modified the effect of AMF colonisation on aphid number, AMF hyphae were permitted access to the second compartment containing an organic patch. As a control for AMF accessing a larger substrate volume, AMF were allowed access to a second compartment without an organic patch. When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed. More N from the patch was also delivered to the aphids, but the N status of the aphid remained unchanged. Regardless of the level of access to the organic patch, AMF colonisation did not affect aphid number. Our data show that by accessing N sources not readily available to plants, AMF can indirectly deliver N to above‐ground organisms, a finding which has major implications for N‐transfer between higher trophic levels. A plain language summary is available for this article.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
AMF colonisation did not affect the number of Sitobion avenae aphids on barley.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- AMF colonisatione3
- Interactor
- Sitobion avenae
Sitobion avenaee0pest - Second interactor
- Funneliformis mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- aphid numbere3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
- Comparator
- no AMFe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e3“Regardless of the level of access to the organic patch, AMF colonisation did not affect aphid number”
Claim · model-written summary
When AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to barley plants.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- AMF accessed the organic patche1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- N from the patch was delivered to the plante1
- Direction
- moree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e1“When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
When AMF accessed the organic patch, barley grain N concentration was higher.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- AMF accessed the organic patche1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e1“When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
When AMF accessed the organic patch, barley plant growth was depressed.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- AMF accessed the organic patche1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- depressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e1“When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed”
Claim · model-written summary
When AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was also delivered to the aphids.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- AMF accessed the organic patche1
- Interactor
- aphidsAphidomorphae2pest
- Second interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- N from the patch was also delivered to the aphidse2
- Direction
- Moree2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e1“When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed”
e2“More N from the patch was also delivered to the aphids, but the N status of the aphid remained unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
When AMF accessed the organic patch, the N status of the aphid remained unchanged.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- AMF accessed the organic patche1
- Interactor
- aphide2pest
- Outcome
- N status of the aphide2
- Direction
- remained unchangede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e1“When the AMF accessed the organic patch, more N from the patch was delivered to the plant resulting in a higher grain N concentration although plant growth was depressed”
e2“More N from the patch was also delivered to the aphids, but the N status of the aphid remained unchanged”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF accessing N sources not readily available to plants can indirectly deliver N to above-ground organisms.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- accessing N sources not readily available to plantse4
- Interactor
- AMFe4symbiont
- Outcome
- indirectly deliver N to above‐ground organismse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley plants hosting the grain aphid Sitobion avenae were colonised by the AMF, Funneliformis mosseae , or no AMF”
e4“by accessing N sources not readily available to plants, AMF can indirectly deliver N to above‐ground organisms”
The same questions in other papers
mycorrhiza · nutrient: content · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.