Abstract
The toxicity of glyphosate at 3.6 mg L−1 to maize seedlings raised from un-treated seeds and the effectiveness of seed pretreatment by soaking in 0.25 mmol L−1 ascorbic acid (AsA) solution for mitigation of toxicity were evaluated in hydroponic culture. Glyphosate dramatically reduced the growth of roots and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves but increased protein content in the leaves. Superoxide dismutase activity and AsA concentration in the roots were increased, and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity was unaffected. Pretreatment with AsA improved the dry mass of the roots and shoots, increased the protein content in roots and leaves, and significantly decreased the activity of GPOX in roots. The positive effect of AsA treatment was not associated with more efficient functioning of the antioxidative system.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced maize root growth.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate dramatically reduced the growth of roots”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate reduced leaf photosynthetic pigments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate dramatically reduced the growth of roots and photosynthetic pigments in the leaves”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased leaf protein content.
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- glyphosate-based herbicidet0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but increased protein content in the leaves.”
t0“glyphosate-based herbicide toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate increased root superoxide dismutase activity and AsA concentration.
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- glyphosate-based herbicidet0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase activity and AsA concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase activity and AsA concentration in the roots were increased”
t0“glyphosate-based herbicide toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate left root GPOX activity unaffected.
- Treatment
- glyphosate-based herbicidet0
- Outcome
- guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activitye0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity was unaffected”
t0“glyphosate-based herbicide toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA pretreatment improved root and shoot dry mass.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with AsA improved the dry mass of the roots and shoots”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA pretreatment increased root and leaf protein content.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with AsA improved the dry mass of the roots and shoots, increased the protein content in roots and leaves”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
AsA pretreatment significantly decreased root GPOX activity.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment with AsA improved the dry mass of the roots and shoots, increased the protein content in roots and leaves, and significantly decreased the activity of GPOX in roots.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The benefit of AsA pretreatment was not associated with more efficient antioxidant function.
- Treatment
- AsA treatmente0
- Outcome
- more efficient functioning of the antioxidative systeme0
- Direction
- not associatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The positive effect of AsA treatment was not associated with more efficient functioning of the antioxidative system.”
t0“maize (Zea mays L.)”
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