Abstract
Acidity is a critical component of the apple fruit consumption experience. In previous biparental family studies, two large-effect acidity QTLs were reported using freshly harvested fruit. Objectives of this study were to determine the number and location of QTLs for acidity variation in a large apple breeding program and ascertain the quantitative effects and breeding relevance of QTL allelic combinations at harvest and after commercially relevant periods of cold storage. Pedigree-connected germplasm of 16 full-sib families representing nine important breeding parents, genotyped for the 8K SNP array, was assessed for titratable acidity at harvest and after 10- and 20-week storage treatments, for three successive seasons. Using pedigree-based QTL mapping software, FlexQTL™, evidence was found for only two QTLs, on linkage groups 16 (the reported Ma locus) and LG 8 (here called Ma3) that jointly explained 66 ± 5% of the phenotypic variation. An additive allele dosage model for the two QTLs effectively explained most acidity variation, with an average of + 1.8 mg/L at harvest per high-acidity allele. The more high-acidity alleles, the faster the depletion with storage, with all combinations appearing to eventually converge to a common baseline. All parent cultivars and selections had one or two of the four possible high-acidity alleles. Each QTL had a rare second high-acidity allele with stronger or reduced effect. Diagnostic SNP markers were identified for QTL alleles derived from distinct sources. Combined QTL effects highlighted utility of the DNA-based information in new cultivar development for targeting desired fruit acidity levels before or after storage.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Two acidity QTLs were found on linkage groups 16 and 8 in apple breeding families.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Gene
- Ma locuse0
- Outcome
- only two QTLse0
- Value
- two QTLse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“evidence was found for only two QTLs, on linkage groups 16 (the reported Ma locus) and LG 8 (here called Ma3) that jointly explained 66 ± 5% of the phenotypic variation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The two apple acidity QTLs jointly explained 66 ± 5% of phenotypic variation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- Ma3e0
- Outcome
- phenotypic variatione0
- Value
- 66 ± 5%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“the reported Ma locus) and LG 8 (here called Ma3) that jointly explained 66 ± 5% of the phenotypic variation.”
Claim · model-written summary
An additive dosage model explained most apple acidity variation.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- two QTLse0
- Outcome
- acidity variatione0
- Value
- + 1.8 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“An additive allele dosage model for the two QTLs effectively explained most acidity variation, with an average of + 1.8 mg/L at harvest per high-acidity allele.”
Claim · model-written summary
Each high-acidity allele increased apple fruit acidity by an average of 1.8 mg/L at harvest.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- high-acidity allelee0
- Organ / stage
- at harveste0
- Outcome
- aciditye0
- Direction
- + e0
- Value
- + 1.8 mg/Le0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“with an average of + 1.8 mg/L at harvest per high-acidity allele.”
Claim · model-written summary
More high-acidity alleles were associated with faster acidity depletion during storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- high-acidity allelese0
- Outcome
- depletion with storagee0
- Direction
- fastere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“The more high-acidity alleles, the faster the depletion with storage, with all combinations appearing to eventually converge to a common baseline.”
Claim · model-written summary
All allele combinations appeared to converge toward a common acidity baseline with storage.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- converge to a common baselinee0
- Qualifier
- appearing to eventuallye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“with all combinations appearing to eventually converge to a common baseline.”
Claim · model-written summary
Every parent cultivar and selection carried one or two of four possible high-acidity alleles.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- parent cultivars and selectionse0
- Outcome
- high-acidity allelese0
- Value
- one or two of the four possible high-acidity allelese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“All parent cultivars and selections had one or two of the four possible high-acidity alleles.”
Claim · model-written summary
Each acidity QTL had a rare second high-acidity allele with a different effect.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Material
- rare second high-acidity allelee0
- Outcome
- stronger or reduced effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“Each QTL had a rare second high-acidity allele with stronger or reduced effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Diagnostic SNP markers were identified for QTL alleles from distinct sources.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Gene
- QTL allelese0
- Outcome
- Diagnostic SNP markerse0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“Diagnostic SNP markers were identified for QTL alleles derived from distinct sources.”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined QTL effects showed potential for DNA based targeting of desired apple acidity in new cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- targeting desired fruit acidity levels before or after storagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple fruit”
e0“Combined QTL effects highlighted utility of the DNA-based information in new cultivar development for targeting desired fruit acidity levels before or after storage.”