Abstract
The present study was conducted to screen bacterial strains most effective in increasing alfalfa growth and metal accumulation in the presence of toxic levels of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn. Pb and Zn concentrations of 4.4 and 7.9 mM, respectively, were required to give rise to a 50% reduction in in vitro seed germination. Root growth in alfalfa seedlings is, however, completely suppressed at a Pb concentration of 4 mM or a Zn concentration of 6 mM in the agar plate medium. Inoculation of the bacterial strains capable of producing indole-acetic acid and siderophore positively affected the plant growth parameter in the metal contaminated mediums. Root and/or shoot growths of alfalfa seedlings are significantly stimulated by the seven inoculated bacterial strains investigated, among which Bacillus filamentosus YSP110 is found to be the most effective. Inoculation of alfalfa plants with B. filamentosus strain YSP110 grown in a vermiculate medium is also seen to increase Pb accumulation in plant root and shoot by 18.0 and 72.4%, respectively. Bacillus cereus YSP4 is the bacterial strain most effective in stimulating root and shoot growth in alfalfa seedlings cultured in a Zn-contaminated medium. Compared to the non-inoculated plants, alfalfa seeds inoculated with B. cereus YSP4 also exhibit increased Zn accumulation in their roots and shoots by 43.2 and 48.7%, respectively. Results suggest that B. filamentosus YSP110 and B. cereus YSP4 offer a great potential for promoting plant growth and metal accumulation, which makes them good candidates for microbe-assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soils.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Pb at 4.4 mM was required for a 50% reduction in in vitro alfalfa seed germination.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae1 - Treatment
- Pbe2
- Outcome
- in vitro seed germinatione2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 50%e2
- Qualifier
- 4.4 and 7.9 mM, respectivelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn”
e2“Pb and Zn concentrations of 4.4 and 7.9 mM, respectively, were required to give rise to a 50% reduction in in vitro seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Zn at 7.9 mM was required for a 50% reduction in in vitro alfalfa seed germination.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Zne2
- Outcome
- in vitro seed germinatione2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 50%e2
- Qualifier
- 4.4 and 7.9 mM, respectivelye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn”
e2“Pb and Zn concentrations of 4.4 and 7.9 mM, respectively, were required to give rise to a 50% reduction in in vitro seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa seed germination was less sensitive than root and shoot growth to high levels of Pb and Zn.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- high levels of Pb and Zne1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione1
- Direction
- less sensitivee1
- Comparator
- root and shoot growthe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of alfalfa seedlings was completely suppressed at 4 mM Pb.
- Taxon
- alfalfa seedlingsMedicago sativae3
- Treatment
- Pb concentration of 4 mMe3
- Outcome
- Root growthe3
- Direction
- completely suppressede3
- Setting
- agar plate mediume3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Root growth in alfalfa seedlings is, however, completely suppressed at a Pb concentration of 4 mM or a Zn concentration of 6 mM in the agar plate medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of alfalfa seedlings was completely suppressed at 6 mM Zn.
- Taxon
- alfalfa seedlingsMedicago sativae3
- Treatment
- Zn concentration of 6 mMe3
- Outcome
- Root growthe3
- Direction
- completely suppressede3
- Setting
- agar plate mediume3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Root growth in alfalfa seedlings is, however, completely suppressed at a Pb concentration of 4 mM or a Zn concentration of 6 mM in the agar plate medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with bacterial strains producing indole-acetic acid and siderophore positively affected alfalfa growth parameters in metal-contaminated medium.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- bacterial strains capable of producing indole-acetic acid and siderophoree2
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse2symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growth parametere2
- Direction
- positively affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn”
e2“Inoculation of the bacterial strains capable of producing indole-acetic acid and siderophore positively affected the plant growth parameter in the metal contaminated mediums”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven inoculated bacterial strains significantly stimulated root and/or shoot growth of alfalfa seedlings.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- seven inoculated bacterial strains investigatede1
- Interactor
- bacterial strainse1symbiont
- Outcome
- Root and/or shoot growthse1
- Direction
- significantly stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Root and/or shoot growths of alfalfa seedlings are significantly stimulated by the seven inoculated bacterial strains investigated, among which Bacillus filamentosus YSP110 is found to be the most effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus filamentosus YSP110 was the most effective of the seven inoculated strains for alfalfa seedling growth.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus filamentosus YSP110e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus filamentosus YSP110Priestia filamentosae1symbiont
- Outcome
- most effectivee1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Comparator
- the seven inoculated bacterial strains investigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Root and/or shoot growths of alfalfa seedlings are significantly stimulated by the seven inoculated bacterial strains investigated, among which Bacillus filamentosus YSP110 is found to be the most effective”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. filamentosus YSP110 increased Pb accumulation in alfalfa plant roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- plant roote1
- Treatment
- B. filamentosus strain YSP110e1
- Interactor
- B. filamentosus strain YSP110Priestia filamentosae1symbiont
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 18.0e1
- Setting
- vermiculate mediume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of alfalfa plants with B. filamentosus strain YSP110 grown in a vermiculate medium is also seen to increase Pb accumulation in plant root and shoot by 18.0 and 72.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. filamentosus YSP110 increased Pb accumulation in alfalfa shoots by 72.4%.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- shoote1
- Treatment
- B. filamentosus strain YSP110e1
- Interactor
- B. filamentosus strain YSP110Priestia filamentosae1symbiont
- Outcome
- Pb accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 72.4%e1
- Setting
- vermiculate mediume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Inoculation of alfalfa plants with B. filamentosus strain YSP110 grown in a vermiculate medium is also seen to increase Pb accumulation in plant root and shoot by 18.0 and 72.4%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus cereus YSP4 was the most effective strain for stimulating root and shoot growth of alfalfa seedlings in Zn-contaminated medium.
- Taxon
- alfalfa seedlingsMedicago sativae1
- Treatment
- Bacillus cereus YSP4e1
- Interactor
- Bacillus cereus YSP4
Bacillus cereuse1symbiont - Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- most effectivee1
- Setting
- Zn-contaminated mediume1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Bacillus cereus YSP4 is the bacterial strain most effective in stimulating root and shoot growth in alfalfa seedlings cultured in a Zn-contaminated medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. cereus YSP4 increased Zn accumulation in alfalfa roots by 43.2% relative to non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- B. cereus YSP4e1
- Interactor
- B. cereus YSP4Bacillus cereuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 43.2e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the non-inoculated plants, alfalfa seeds inoculated with B. cereus YSP4 also exhibit increased Zn accumulation in their roots and shoots by 43.2 and 48.7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with B. cereus YSP4 increased Zn accumulation in alfalfa shoots by 48.7% relative to non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- B. cereus YSP4e1
- Interactor
- B. cereus YSP4Bacillus cereuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- Zn accumulatione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 48.7%e1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Compared to the non-inoculated plants, alfalfa seeds inoculated with B. cereus YSP4 also exhibit increased Zn accumulation in their roots and shoots by 43.2 and 48.7%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
B. filamentosus YSP110 and B. cereus YSP4 are good candidates for microbe-assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soils.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae1
- Interactor
- B. filamentosus YSP110Priestia filamentosae2symbiont
- Second interactor
- B. cereus YSP4Bacillus cereuse2symbiont
- Outcome
- good candidates for microbe-assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soilse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Results show that, compared to root and shoot growth, alfalfa seed germination is less sensitive to high levels of Pb and Zn”
e2“Results suggest that B. filamentosus YSP110 and B. cereus YSP4 offer a great potential for promoting plant growth and metal accumulation, which makes them good candidates for microbe-assisted phytoextraction of metal-contaminated soils”
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See all 137 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.