Abstract
Abstract The trend of increasing monsoon variability in eastern India has led to increased risk of growing crops during the monsoon period. The rainfall pattern has become more erratic due to the shrinking of monsoon period 60-70 days from the normal 120 days, leading to drought and unusual frequent torrential rainfall exceeding 200-250 mm/day, causing floods during the past few decades. The duration and magnitude of drought and the number of dry spells also have increased. These stresses not only affect the yield of rice but also reduce the area and production of succeeding crops, resulting in low system productivity. Rice is the major crop in monsoon season in eastern India. Hence, technological or management options to cope with monsoon variability are discussed based on the available literature and results from the experiments conducted in eastern India, particularly in Odisha. Direct seeded rice (DSR) is an apt option for delayed onset of the monsoon that enables better use of early rains. In this regard, DSR helps reduce the risk of-of late-season drought by avoiding the stress period. Thus, DSR allows farmers to undertake early sowing of the subsequent crops, leading to higher system productivity. The performance of short-duration drought- and flood-tolerant rice varieties in stress-prone areas are reviewed and discussed here. Rice nursery enterprise in private- as well as community-sector has been proved as an effective strategy to ensure timely availability of healthy seedlings. However, the scale of these technologies/management options in eastern India is facing a tough challenge due to weed infestation, lack of availability of tolerant anaerobic and stagnant flood varieties, and appropriate machinery, in addition to socio-economic constraints to access the technologies.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing monsoon variability has increased crop-growing risk in eastern India.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Outcome
- risk of growing cropse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- eastern Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The trend of increasing monsoon variability in eastern India has led to increased risk of growing crops during the monsoon period.”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The monsoon period shrank to 60-70 days from a normal 120 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- monsoon periode0
- Direction
- shrinkinge0
- Value
- 60-70 dayse0
- Comparator
- normal 120 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shrinking of monsoon period 60-70 days from the normal 120 days”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought duration and magnitude and dry-spell number increased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- duration and magnitude of drought and the number of dry spellse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The duration and magnitude of drought and the number of dry spells also have increased.”
t0“rice-based systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Monsoon stresses reduce rice yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- These stressese0
- Outcome
- yield of ricee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These stresses not only affect the yield of rice but also reduce the area and production of succeeding crops”
e1“drought and unusual frequent torrential rainfall exceeding 200-250 mm/day, causing floods”
Claim · model-written summary
Monsoon stresses reduce area and production of crops following rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- These stressese0
- Outcome
- area and production of succeeding cropse0
- Direction
- reducee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These stresses not only affect the yield of rice but also reduce the area and production of succeeding crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeded rice is presented as a suitable response to delayed monsoon onset that uses early rains better.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Direct seeded rice (DSR)e0
- Qualifier
- delayed onset of the monsoone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Direct seeded rice (DSR) is an apt option for delayed onset of the monsoon that enables better use of early rains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeded rice reduces late-season drought risk by avoiding the stress period.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Direct seeded rice (DSR)e1
- Outcome
- risk of-of late-season droughte0
- Direction
- reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DSR helps reduce the risk of-of late-season drought by avoiding the stress period”
e1“Direct seeded rice (DSR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Direct seeded rice permits earlier sowing of subsequent crops and higher system productivity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Direct seeded rice (DSR)e1
- Outcome
- system productivitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DSR allows farmers to undertake early sowing of the subsequent crops, leading to higher system productivity”
e1“Direct seeded rice (DSR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Private and community rice nursery enterprises effectively ensured timely healthy seedlings.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- timely availability of healthy seedlingse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice nursery enterprise in private- as well as community-sector has been proved as an effective strategy to ensure timely availability of healthy seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Scaling the management options faces weed infestation, unavailable tolerant varieties and machinery, and socioeconomic access constraints.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- scale of these technologies/management optionse0
- Setting
- eastern Indiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the scale of these technologies/management options in eastern India is facing a tough challenge due to weed infestation, lack of availability of tolerant anaerobic and stagnant flood varieties, and appropriate machinery, in addition to socio-economic constraints to access the technologies”
t0“rice-based systems”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
921 papers in the same direction as this paper · 132 in the opposite direction · 24 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- no effect
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