Abstract
Abstract Drought can drastically reduce cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] biomass and grain yield. The application of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can confer resistance to plants and reduce the effects of environmental stresses, including drought. Seed coating is a technique which allows the application of minor amounts of microbial inocula. Main effects of the factors inoculation and water regime showed that: severe or moderate water deficit had a general negative impact on cowpea plants; total biomass production, seed weight and seed yield were enhanced in plants inoculated with P. putida ; inoculation of R. irregularis significantly increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) shoot concentrations; and R. irregularis enhanced both chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents, particularly under severe water deficit. Plants inoculated with P. putida + R. irregularis had an increase in shoot P concentration of 85% and 57%, under moderate and severe water deficit, respectively. Singly inoculated P. putida improved potassium shoot concentration by 25% under moderate water deficit. Overall, in terms of agricultural productivity the inoculation of P. putida under water deficit might be promising. Seed coating has the potential to be used as a large‐scale delivery system of beneficial microbial inoculants.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Severe or moderate water deficit had a general negative impact on cowpea plants.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- severe or moderate water deficite0
- Outcome
- general negative impact on cowpea plantse0
- Direction
- negative impacte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e0“severe or moderate water deficit had a general negative impact on cowpea plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with P. putida enhanced total biomass, seed weight and seed yield of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. putidae1
- Interactor
- P. putidae1symbiont
- Outcome
- total biomass production, seed weight and seed yielde1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e1“total biomass production, seed weight and seed yield were enhanced in plants inoculated with P. putida”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with R. irregularis significantly increased cowpea shoot nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculation of R. irregularise2
- Interactor
- R. irregularise2symbiont
- Outcome
- nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) shoot concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e2“inoculation of R. irregularis significantly increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) shoot concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
R. irregularis enhanced cowpea chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents, particularly under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- R. irregularise3
- Interactor
- R. irregularise3symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll b and carotenoids contentse3
- Direction
- enhancede3
- Qualifier
- particularly under severe water deficite3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e3“R. irregularis enhanced both chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents, particularly under severe water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined P. putida and R. irregularis inoculation increased cowpea shoot P concentration by 85% under moderate water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. putida + R. irregularise4
- Interactor
- P. putidae4symbiont
- Second interactor
- R. irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 85%e4
- Qualifier
- under moderate and severe water deficit, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e4“Plants inoculated with P. putida + R. irregularis had an increase in shoot P concentration of 85% and 57%, under moderate and severe water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined P. putida and R. irregularis inoculation increased cowpea shoot P concentration by 57% under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- inoculated with P. putida + R. irregularise4
- Interactor
- P. putidae4symbiont
- Second interactor
- R. irregularise4symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot P concentratione4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- 57%e4
- Qualifier
- under moderate and severe water deficit, respectivelye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e4“Plants inoculated with P. putida + R. irregularis had an increase in shoot P concentration of 85% and 57%, under moderate and severe water deficit, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Singly inoculated P. putida improved cowpea shoot potassium concentration by 25% under moderate water deficit.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Singly inoculated P. putidae5
- Interactor
- P. putidae5symbiont
- Outcome
- potassium shoot concentratione5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Value
- 25%e5
- Qualifier
- under moderate water deficite5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e5“Singly inoculated P. putida improved potassium shoot concentration by 25% under moderate water deficit”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation of P. putida under water deficit might be promising for agricultural productivity of cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- the inoculation of P. putida under water deficite6
- Outcome
- agricultural productivitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e6“in terms of agricultural productivity the inoculation of P. putida under water deficit might be promising”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed coating has potential as a large-scale delivery system for beneficial microbial inoculants in cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- delivery system of beneficial microbial inoculantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)”
e7“delivery system of beneficial microbial inoculants”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.