Abstract
Oil from seed of many Cuphea (Lythraceae) species is abundant in medium-chain fatty acids (C8-C14). The fatty acids are valuable to industry and obtained from petrochemicals and tropical plants. Cuphea could provide a valuable temperate plant source of fatty acids, but there are agronomic limitations to commercial production. Many Cuphea spp. are entomophilous, so finding suitable pollinators will enhance development of the crop. In the study, the pollinating ability of three insects, honey bee, Apis mellifera L.; bumble bee, Bombus bimaculatus Cresson; and horned-face bee, Osmia cornifrons (Radoszkowski), were tested on Cuphea lanceolata W.T. Aiton and Cuphea ignia A. DC in insect-proof cages in the field. Based on harvested seed weight, the honey bee was an efficient pollinator of C. lanceolata with significantly more seed produced (40.9 g) than the no-pollinator check (9.8 g). The honey bee was not significantly different than the bumble bee (20.7 g) or O. cornifrons (25.6 g). The honey bee also was an efficient pollinator of C. ignia, with significantly more seed produced than any other pollinator. Bombus spp. are excellent pollinators of Cuphea, but our results indicated B. bimaculatus was an inefficient pollinator of C. ignia in field cages.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Honey bees increased C. lanceolata seed production over the no-pollinator check to 40.9 g versus 9.8 g.
- Taxon
- C. lanceolata
Cuphea lanceolatae0 - Treatment
- honey beee0
- Interactor
- honey bee
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=60)
Apis melliferae0pollinator - Outcome
- seed producede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 40.9 ge0
- Qualifier
- 9.8 ge0
- Comparator
- no-pollinator checke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Apis_mellifera_(female)_-_on_viburnum_tinus_flowers.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“the honey bee was an efficient pollinator of C. lanceolata with significantly more seed produced (40.9 g) than the no-pollinator check (9.8 g)”
Claim · model-written summary
C. lanceolata seed production with honey bees did not differ significantly from bumble bees.
- Taxon
- C. lanceolataCuphea lanceolatae0
- Treatment
- honey beee0
- Interactor
- honey beeApis melliferae0pollinator
- Second interactor
- bumble beee0pollinator
- Outcome
- seed producede0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- 20.7 ge0
- Comparator
- bumble beee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the honey bee was an efficient pollinator of C. lanceolata with significantly more seed produced (40.9 g) than the no-pollinator check (9.8 g). The honey bee was not significantly different than the bumble bee (20.7 g)”
t0“Cuphea lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
C. lanceolata seed production with honey bees did not differ significantly from O. cornifrons.
- Taxon
- C. lanceolataCuphea lanceolatae0
- Treatment
- honey beee0
- Interactor
- honey beeApis melliferae0pollinator
- Second interactor
- O. cornifrons
Osmia cornifronse0pollinator - Outcome
- seed producede0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Qualifier
- 25.6 ge0
- Comparator
- O. cornifronse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the honey bee was an efficient pollinator of C. lanceolata with significantly more seed produced (40.9 g) than the no-pollinator check (9.8 g). The honey bee was not significantly different than the bumble bee (20.7 g) or O. cornifrons (25.6 g)”
t0“Cuphea lanceolata”
Claim · model-written summary
Honey bees produced significantly more C. ignia seed than any other pollinator.
- Taxon
- C. igniae0
- Treatment
- honey beee0
- Interactor
- honey beeApis melliferae0pollinator
- Outcome
- seed producede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- any other pollinatore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The honey bee also was an efficient pollinator of C. ignia, with significantly more seed produced than any other pollinator”
Claim · model-written summary
B. bimaculatus was an inefficient pollinator of C. ignia in field cages.
- Taxon
- C. igniae0
- Interactor
- B. bimaculatus
Bombus bimaculatuse0pollinator - Outcome
- inefficient pollinatore0
- Setting
- field cagese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B. bimaculatus was an inefficient pollinator of C. ignia in field cages”