Abstract
DOR: 98.1000/2383-1251.1397.5. 59.10.2.32.41 Extended abstract Introduction: Crop rotations are practiced to eliminate the effect of monoculture, but the succeeding crop may be influenced by the phytotoxins released by the preceding crop. Among plants, Brassica species contain allelochemical compounds as glucosinolate that is, under special conditions, released to environment and affects seed germination and plant growth. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) as a weed of 30 crops in 52 countries which has a series of allelopathic effects that prevent germination of other plants. Products of glucosinolate- like ionic thiocyanate (SCN-) inhibited the root or shoot growth of many crop species. Also volatile compounds like isoprenoid and benzenoid released from Brassica tissue degradation may suppress many crops growth. It was also found in many studies that allelochemicals, which inhibited the growth of some species at certain concentrations, might stimulate the growth of same or different species at lower concentrations. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract concentration of various mustard parts on barley seed germination and seedling growth. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the allelopathic effect of mustard in agro ecosystems, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications was carried out in botany laboratory of agriculture faculty, Illam University in 2014. Experimental treatments included five concentrations of mustards foliage and root aqueous extract (0, 10, 30, 50, and 70 percent) that were studied at germination and early growth stage of barley (cv. Abidar) in two separate experiments. In the seed germination section, the effects of aqueous extract of mustard on germination rate and germination percentage of barley seed were measured. In the study of the effect of aqueous extract of mustard on barley seedlings, weight and length of root and shoot, leaf chlorophyll content, proline and soluble sugars content were measured. Results: Results showed that the highest amount of barley seed germination percentage and germination rate (100 and 19.5, respectively) were observed in control and the lowest amount (40 and 9.5, respectively) belonged to mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentration. The most decrease in barley seedlings length and weight were observed at the highest concentration of aqueous extract. The amount of chlorophyll a decreased from 2.39 in control to 1.66 mg per fresh weight in 70 percent concentration of aqueous extract treatment. The highest amount of proline (66.8 μM per fresh weight) in barley foliage was observed in 70 percent aqueous extract treatment. The results from this study showed that mustard allelopathic effect may be a possible mechanism controlling the barley germination and early growth stage in agro ecosystems. Conclusion: Generally, we were able to demonstrate short term auto toxicity and possible short-term allelopathy due to mustard has harmful effects on barley including reduced seed germination and emergence of barley seedling. Depending on the concentrations of Mustard extract, allelopathic activity will vary Mustard. Further investigations are also needed to determine the influence of cultivar variations, and to identify the active compounds involved in mustard auto toxicity and Allelopathy. Highlights: 1-Mustards aqueous extract reduced seed germination percentage and plant growth in barley. 2-Mustards aqueous extract increased proline and soluble sugars in barley, but it reduced amount of chlorophyll in this plant.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Barley seed germination percentage was 100 in the control.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Outcome
- barley seed germination percentagee0
- Value
- 100e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“the highest amount of barley seed germination percentage and germination rate (100 and 19.5, respectively) were observed in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley germination rate was 19.5 in the control.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Value
- 19.5e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“the highest amount of barley seed germination percentage and germination rate (100 and 19.5, respectively) were observed in control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 70 percent mustard root extract, barley germination percentage was lowest at 40.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentratione0
- Interactor
- mustarde0weed
- Outcome
- barley seed germination percentagee1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 40e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“the lowest amount (40 and 9.5, respectively) belonged to mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentration.”
e1“barley seed germination percentage and germination rate”
Claim · model-written summary
At 70 percent mustard root extract, barley germination rate was lowest at 9.5.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentratione0
- Interactor
- mustarde0weed
- Outcome
- germination ratee1
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 9.5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“the lowest amount (40 and 9.5, respectively) belonged to mustard root aqueous treatment with 70 percent concentration.”
e1“barley seed germination percentage and germination rate”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest extract concentration produced the greatest decreases in barley seedling length and weight.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- highest concentration of aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Mustardt1weed
- Outcome
- barley seedlings length and weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“The most decrease in barley seedlings length and weight were observed at the highest concentration of aqueous extract.”
t1“Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley chlorophyll a decreased from 2.39 in control to 1.66 mg per fresh weight at 70 percent extract.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- 70 percent concentration of aqueous extract treatmente0
- Interactor
- Mustardt1weed
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 1.66 mg per fresh weighte0
- Qualifier
- 2.39e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
t1“Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)”
e0“The amount of chlorophyll a decreased from 2.39 in control to 1.66 mg per fresh weight in 70 percent concentration of aqueous extract treatment.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley foliage proline was highest, at 66.8 μM per fresh weight, with 70 percent extract.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- foliagee0
- Treatment
- 70 percent aqueous extract treatmente0
- Interactor
- Mustardt1weed
- Outcome
- prolinee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 66.8 μM per fresh weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest amount of proline (66.8 μM per fresh weight) in barley foliage was observed in 70 percent aqueous extract treatment.”
t1“Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard aqueous extract increased soluble sugars in barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Mustards aqueous extracte0
- Interactor
- Mustardse0weed
- Outcome
- soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mustards aqueous extract increased proline and soluble sugars in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest mustard allelopathy may control barley germination and early growth in agroecosystems.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Interactor
- mustarde0weed
- Outcome
- barley germination and early growth stagee0
- Qualifier
- mustard allelopathic effect may be a possible mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mustard allelopathic effect may be a possible mechanism controlling the barley germination and early growth stage in agro ecosystems.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mustard extract concentration modulated allelopathic activity.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- concentrations of Mustard extracte0
- Interactor
- Mustarde0weed
- Outcome
- allelopathic activitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e0“Depending on the concentrations of Mustard extract, allelopathic activity will vary Mustard.”
The same questions in other papers
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.