Abstract
ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the impact of hydroethanolic extracts from eight plant species on the early growth of H. spontaneum and C. balsamita weeds in laboratory and greenhouse of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2022. In the laboratory, a completely randomised factorial experiment with three replications was conducted. The extracts tested included Papaver fruit, Harmel seeds, Fenugreek seeds, Artichoke leaves, Peanut shoots, Camelina shoots, Walnut fruit peels, and Pomegranate fruit. These extracts were tested at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g.l −1 . Distilled water served as the negative control, while Trifluralin (Treflan®) was used as the positive control. The most effective extracts were tested with distilled water and glyphosate in greenhouse conditions. Laboratory results indicated that ethanolic extracts significantly decreased weed seed viability, inhibited early growth, and hindered growth. Foliar spraying of extracts reduced root and stem growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments, while increasing leaf chlorosis and electrolyte leakage in both weed species. Ethanol extracts from artichoke leaves and popaver fruit showed strong herbicidal activity at high concentrations. Papaver, Artichoke, and Peanut extracts showed high phenol content, making Artichoke and Papaver promising natural herbicides for managing weeds like H. spontaneum and C. balsamita .
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanolic extracts reduced weed seed viability and early growth.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneum
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0 - Treatment
- ethanolic extractse0
- Outcome
- weed seed viabilitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“ethanolic extracts significantly decreased weed seed viability, inhibited early growth, and hindered growth.”
t0“Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar extract sprays reduced root and stem growth and biomass in both weeds.
- Taxon
- Centaurea balsamitaStizolophus balsamitat0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of extractse0
- Outcome
- root and stem growth, biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of extracts reduced root and stem growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments”
t0“Centaurea balsamita”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar extract sprays reduced photosynthetic pigments in both weeds.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of extractse0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigmentse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of extracts reduced root and stem growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments”
t0“Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar extracts increased leaf chlorosis and electrolyte leakage in both weeds.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- Foliar spraying of extractse0
- Outcome
- leaf chlorosis and electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar spraying of extracts reduced root and stem growth, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments, while increasing leaf chlorosis and electrolyte leakage in both weed species.”
t0“Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Artichoke leaf extract had strong herbicidal activity at high concentrations.
- Taxon
- Hordeum spontaneumHordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneumt0
- Treatment
- Ethanol extracts from artichoke leavese0
- Outcome
- strong herbicidal activitye0
- Qualifier
- high concentrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethanol extracts from artichoke leaves and popaver fruit showed strong herbicidal activity at high concentrations.”
t0“Hordeum spontaneum”
Claim · model-written summary
Papaver fruit extract had strong herbicidal activity at high concentrations.
- Taxon
- Centaurea balsamitaStizolophus balsamitat0
- Treatment
- popaver fruite0
- Outcome
- strong herbicidal activitye0
- Qualifier
- high concentrationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“Ethanol extracts from artichoke leaves and popaver fruit showed strong herbicidal activity at high concentrations.”
t0“Centaurea balsamita”
Claim · model-written summary
Papaver, Artichoke and Peanut extracts had high phenol content.
- Outcome
- high phenol contente0
PapaverOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Papaver, Artichoke, and Peanut extracts showed high phenol content”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · physiology: pigments · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
botanical · physiology: photosynthesis · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
application · physiology: pigments · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →botanical · weed · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →application · physiology: photosynthesis · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.