Abstract
Plant biofortification with selenium in interaction with the application of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-based formulate, with the goal of enhancing Se bioavailability, is beneficial for the development of the environmentally friendly production of functional food with a high content of this microelement. Research was carried out in order to assess the effects of an AMF-based formulate and a non-inoculated control in factorial combination with two selenium treatments with an organic (selenocystine) or inorganic form (sodium selenate) and a non-treated control on the yield, quality, antioxidant properties, and elemental composition of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants. The soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharides, titratable acidity, and proteins attained higher values upon AMF inoculation. Sodium selenate resulted in higher soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide content, and titratable acidity than the non-treated control, and it also resulted in higher monosaccharides when compared to selenocystine; the latter showed higher protein content than the control. Calcium, Na, S, and Cl bulb concentrations were higher in the plants inoculated with the beneficial microorganisms. Calcium and sodium concentrations were higher in the bulbs of plants treated with both the selenium forms than in the control. Selenocystine-treated plants showed enhanced accumulation of sulfur and chlorine compared to the untreated plants. The AMF inoculation increased the bulb selenium content by 530%, and the Se biofortification with selenocystine and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control plants. The AMF-based formulate led to increases in ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity when compared to the non-inoculated control. The bulb ascorbic acid was increased by fortification with both selenium forms when compared to the non-treated control. The results of our investigation showed that both AMF and selenium application represent environmentally friendly strategies to enhance the overall yield and quality performances of shallot bulbs, as well as their selenium content.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Selenocystine best supported growth and yield in mycorrhized plants.
- Taxon
- Shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0 - Treatment
- Selenocystinee0
- Outcome
- growth and yielde0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate was most effective in non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- sodium selenatee0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharides.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharidese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharides, titratable acidity, and proteins attained higher values upon AMF inoculation.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised titratable acidity and proteins.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- titratable acidity, and proteinse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharides, titratable acidity, and proteins attained higher values upon AMF inoculation.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate raised soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharides over untreated controls.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- Sodium selenatee0
- Outcome
- soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium selenate resulted in higher soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide content, and titratable acidity than the non-treated control”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate raised titratable acidity over untreated controls.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- Sodium selenatee0
- Outcome
- titratable aciditye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sodium selenate resulted in higher soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide content, and titratable acidity than the non-treated control”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate raised monosaccharides over selenocystine.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- sodium selenatee1
- Outcome
- monosaccharidese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- selenocystinee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it also resulted in higher monosaccharides when compared to selenocystine”
e1“Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenocystine raised protein over control.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- selenocystinee1
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the latter showed higher protein content than the control.”
e1“Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised calcium, sodium and sulfur bulb concentrations.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with the beneficial microorganismse0
- Outcome
- Calcium, Na, Se0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium, Na, S, and Cl bulb concentrations were higher in the plants inoculated with the beneficial microorganisms.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised chlorine bulb concentrations.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with the beneficial microorganismse0
- Outcome
- Cl bulb concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium, Na, S, and Cl bulb concentrations were higher in the plants inoculated with the beneficial microorganisms.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Both selenium forms raised calcium and sodium bulb concentrations.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- both the selenium formse0
- Outcome
- Calcium and sodium concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium and sodium concentrations were higher in the bulbs of plants treated with both the selenium forms than in the control.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenocystine raised sulfur and chlorine accumulation.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- Selenocystinee0
- Outcome
- accumulation of sulfur and chlorinee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Selenocystine-treated plants showed enhanced accumulation of sulfur and chlorine compared to the untreated plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased bulb selenium content by 530%.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- bulb selenium contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 530%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF inoculation increased the bulb selenium content by 530%”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenocystine increased bulb selenium by 36%.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- selenocystinee0
- Outcome
- this valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 36%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se biofortification with selenocystine and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium selenate increased bulb selenium by 21%.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- sodium selenatee0
- Outcome
- this valuee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Se biofortification with selenocystine and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control plants.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF increased ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- AMF-based formulatee0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid and antioxidant activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The AMF-based formulate led to increases in ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity when compared to the non-inoculated control.”
t0“Shallot”
Claim · model-written summary
Selenium biofortification increased bulb ascorbic acid.
- Taxon
- ShallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- both selenium formse0
- Outcome
- bulb ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- non-treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bulb ascorbic acid was increased by fortification with both selenium forms when compared to the non-treated control.”
t0“Shallot”
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See all 26 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.