Abstract
Abstract Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most damaging pests to tomato production in the USA and worldwide, with yield losses ranging from 25 to 100%. Host resistance conferred by the Mi gene in tomato is effective against some species of RKN (e.g. M. incognita , M. javanica , and M. arenaria ); however, there are virulent species and lines including M. hapla and M. eterolobii that break Mi -mediated resistance. Plant innate immunity is another possible form of defense against pathogen attack and is known to be induced by chemical elicitors. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is one such chemical elicitor that regulates plant defense responses to multiple biotic stresses. In this study, we investigated the role of NAD in the context of induced tomato innate immunity and RKN pathogenicity in two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers, with and without Mi , respectively. Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways, reduced infective-juveniles penetration, number of galls, and increased plant mass in both cultivars. Importantly, we observed no direct toxic effects of NAD on nematode viability and infectivity. The results presented here suggest that NAD induces resistance against RKN pathogenicity likely through the accumulation of tomato basal defense responses rather than the direct effect on the infective-juveniles behavior.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NAD soil drench significantly induced defense response pathways in both tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Material
- VFN and Rutgerse1
- Treatment
- Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculatione0
- Outcome
- defense response pathwayse0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways”
e1“two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD soil drench reduced infective juvenile penetration in both tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- VFN and Rutgerse1
- Treatment
- Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne hapla
Meloidogyne haplae2pest - Outcome
- infective-juveniles penetratione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways, reduced infective-juveniles penetration”
e1“two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers”
e2“Meloidogyne hapla”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD soil drench reduced gall numbers in both tomato cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- VFN and Rutgerse1
- Treatment
- Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne haplaMeloidogyne haplae2pest
- Outcome
- number of gallse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways, reduced infective-juveniles penetration, number of galls”
e1“two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers”
e2“Meloidogyne hapla”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD soil drench increased tomato plant mass in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- VFN and Rutgerse1
- Treatment
- Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant masse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Single soil drench application of NAD 24 hr before nematode inoculation significantly induced defense response pathways, reduced infective-juveniles penetration, number of galls, and increased plant mass in both cultivars”
e1“two tomato cultivars; VFN and Rutgers”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD showed no direct toxic effect on nematode viability.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- NADe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne haplaMeloidogyne haplae2pest
- Outcome
- nematode viabilitye0
- Direction
- no direct toxic effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no direct toxic effects of NAD on nematode viability and infectivity”
e1“pests to tomato production”
e2“Meloidogyne hapla”
Claim · model-written summary
NAD showed no direct toxic effect on nematode infectivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- NADe0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne haplaMeloidogyne haplae2pest
- Outcome
- infectivitye0
- Direction
- no direct toxic effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no direct toxic effects of NAD on nematode viability and infectivity”
e1“pests to tomato production”
e2“Meloidogyne hapla”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that NAD-induced nematode resistance likely arises from accumulated tomato basal defenses.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- NADe0
- Outcome
- resistance against RKN pathogenicitye0
- Qualifier
- likely through the accumulation of tomato basal defense responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NAD induces resistance against RKN pathogenicity likely through the accumulation of tomato basal defense responses rather than the direct effect on the infective-juveniles behavior”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.