Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) seedlings with symptoms of Pythium damping-off were collected in northeastern Iowa soybean fields and processed for isolation of the causal agents on both potato dextrose agar (PDA) and pimaricin-, ampicillin-, rifampicin-, and pentachloronitrobenzene (PARP)-containing media. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics, growth rates, along with sequence data for the nuclear rDNA ITS1–5.8S-ITS2 region (ITS barcode). Nine isolates were identified via NCBI BLASTn search of sequences available in GenBank: one isolate of Pythium orthogonon; three isolates of P. inflatum; two isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum; one isolate of P. torulosum; and two isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum or P. ultimum var. sporangiferum. Pathogenicity of all the nine isolates, along with a positive control (P. irregulare), was tested in greenhouse conditions on soybean variety Pioneer 22T61R. Soybean seeds were planted in potting mixture inoculated with Pythium inoculum fermented on sterilized proso millet grains. The Pythium spp. were subsequently re-isolated from symptomatic plants. Average incidence of Pythium damping-off across isolates was 27.4% but varied among isolates, ranging from 1.2 to 79.8%. Among the Pythium spp. collected in this single location, the most aggressive isolate was selected to test the efficacy of seed treatments using foliar fungicides in artificially-inoculated field conditions. Out of the eight tested foliar fungicides, six of them significantly suppressed damping-off compared with the untreated control. The average yield advantage of foliar fungicides as seed treatments was 0.23 mt (metric ton)/ha (ranged from 0.15 to 0.31 mt/ha) over the untreated control, with a corresponding economic advantage of $90.69 (range $60.5 to $123.9/ha) based on soybean price at $397/mt as of September 30, 2017. Our findings suggest a potential for using foliar fungicides as seed treatments to control Pythium damping-off, and provide an alternative solution for managing resistance to metalaxyl/mefenoxam seed treatments in soybean production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Nine isolates of several Pythium taxa were identified from symptomatic soybean.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- Pythium orthogononGlobisporangium orthogonone0pathogen
- Outcome
- Nine isolates were identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nine isolates were identified via NCBI BLASTn search of sequences available in GenBank: one isolate of Pythium orthogonon; three isolates of P. inflatum; two isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum; one isolate of P. torulosum; and two isolates of P. ultimum var. ultimum or P. ultimum var. sporangiferum.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium isolates caused soybean damping-off with average incidence of 27.4%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- incidence of Pythium damping-offe0
- Value
- 27.4%e0
- Qualifier
- ranging from 1.2 to 79.8%e0
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Average incidence of Pythium damping-off across isolates was 27.4% but varied among isolates, ranging from 1.2 to 79.8%.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium species were reisolated from symptomatic soybean plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Pythium spp. were subsequently re-isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Pythium spp. were subsequently re-isolated from symptomatic plants.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Six of eight foliar fungicides used as seed treatments significantly suppressed soybean damping-off.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicidese0
- Outcome
- Pythium damping-offt1
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- six of theme0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Out of the eight tested foliar fungicides, six of them significantly suppressed damping-off compared with the untreated control.”
t0“soybean”
t1“Pythium damping-off were collected”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide seed treatments averaged a 0.23 mt/ha soybean yield advantage over untreated control.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicides as seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- 0.23 mt (metric ton)/hae0
- Qualifier
- ranged from 0.15 to 0.31 mt/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield advantage of foliar fungicides as seed treatments was 0.23 mt (metric ton)/ha (ranged from 0.15 to 0.31 mt/ha) over the untreated control”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicide seed treatments yielded a mean economic advantage of $90.69 per hectare.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar fungicides as seed treatmentse1
- Outcome
- economic advantagee0
- Direction
- advantagee0
- Value
- $90.69e0
- Qualifier
- range $60.5 to $123.9/hae0
- Comparator
- untreated controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a corresponding economic advantage of $90.69 (range $60.5 to $123.9/ha)”
e1“foliar fungicides as seed treatments was 0.23 mt”
e2“over the untreated control, with a corresponding economic advantage”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fungicides as seed treatments offer potential Pythium damping-off control and alternative resistance management.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- using foliar fungicides as seed treatments to control Pythium damping-offe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potential for using foliar fungicides as seed treatments to control Pythium damping-off, and provide an alternative solution for managing resistance to metalaxyl/mefenoxam seed treatments in soybean production.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.