Abstract
ABSTRACT: Drift of the herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate may affect the initial growth of eucalyptus. This study aimed to assess the effect of carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate drift on photosynthesis, leaf morphoanatomy, and initial growth of two clones of Eucalyptus grandis. Two experiments were carried out in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, in which factor 1 was represented by two clones of E. grandis and factor 2 by four herbicide underdoses (control, 86.4 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate, 3.0 g a.e. ha-1 of carfentrazone-ethyl, and the mixture of 86.4 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate + 3.0 g a.e. ha-1 of carfentrazone-ethyl). Herbicide application was carried out by simulating the drift in the lower third of seedling canopy. Assessments were performed 23 days after herbicide application. Both clones presented morphoanatomical changes such as erosion of epicuticular waxes and degeneration of epidermal and parenchymal cells, especially when exposed to carfentrazone-ethyl underdose or its mixture with glyphosate. The clone CLR 383 was the most affected by the tested herbicides and presented the highest injury, lowest initial growth, lowest dry matter, and highest reduction of photosynthetic rate when treated with herbicide mixture, followed by carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdoses. The initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesis of the clone CLR 384 were not affected by the carfentrazone-ethyl underdose. Thus, both herbicides applied in isolation or in a mixture reduced the initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesis of eucalyptus.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Both clones had epicuticular wax erosion and degeneration of epidermal and parenchymal cells, especially after carfentrazone-ethyl or its mixture with glyphosate.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandis
Eucalyptus grandist0 - Treatment
- carfentrazone-ethyl underdosee0
- Outcome
- erosion of epicuticular waxes and degeneration of epidermal and parenchymal cellse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both clones presented morphoanatomical changes such as erosion of epicuticular waxes and degeneration of epidermal and parenchymal cells, especially when exposed to carfentrazone-ethyl underdose or its mixture with glyphosate.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
CLR 383 had the greatest injury under the herbicide mixture.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandist0
- Material
- CLR 383e0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturee0
- Outcome
- injurye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The clone CLR 383 was the most affected by the tested herbicides and presented the highest injury, lowest initial growth, lowest dry matter, and highest reduction of photosynthetic rate when treated with herbicide mixture, followed by carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdoses.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
CLR 383 had the lowest initial growth under the herbicide mixture.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandist0
- Material
- CLR 383e0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturee0
- Outcome
- initial growthe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The clone CLR 383 was the most affected by the tested herbicides and presented the highest injury, lowest initial growth, lowest dry matter, and highest reduction of photosynthetic rate when treated with herbicide mixture, followed by carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdoses.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
CLR 383 had the lowest dry matter under the herbicide mixture.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandist0
- Material
- CLR 383e0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturee0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The clone CLR 383 was the most affected by the tested herbicides and presented the highest injury, lowest initial growth, lowest dry matter, and highest reduction of photosynthetic rate when treated with herbicide mixture, followed by carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdoses.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
CLR 383 had the greatest photosynthetic rate reduction under the herbicide mixture.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandist0
- Material
- CLR 383e0
- Treatment
- herbicide mixturee0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Comparator
- carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdosese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The clone CLR 383 was the most affected by the tested herbicides and presented the highest injury, lowest initial growth, lowest dry matter, and highest reduction of photosynthetic rate when treated with herbicide mixture, followed by carfentrazone-ethyl and glyphosate underdoses.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
Carfentrazone-ethyl underdose did not affect initial growth, dry matter or photosynthesis of CLR 384.
- Taxon
- Eucalyptus grandisEucalyptus grandist0
- Material
- CLR 384e0
- Treatment
- carfentrazone-ethyl underdosee0
- Outcome
- initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesis of the clone CLR 384 were not affected by the carfentrazone-ethyl underdose.”
t0“Eucalyptus grandis”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested herbicides alone or mixed reduced eucalyptus initial growth, dry matter and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- eucalyptus
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Eucalyptuse0 - Treatment
- both herbicides applied in isolation or in a mixturee0
- Outcome
- initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Thus, both herbicides applied in isolation or in a mixture reduced the initial growth, dry matter, and photosynthesis of eucalyptus.”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · growth · Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.