Abstract
Biological experiments were carried out at Agronomy Seed Lab., Agronomy Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University and Ain Shams Center For Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ACGEB, Genetic Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University during 2016/2017 season. Priming and its duration were investigated whereas different types of priming (hydro-priming, osmopriming and salt-priming) and different periods of each type (short- medium and long periods) were stuied. Newly harvested soybean seeds cultivar (Giza 111) were submitted from Field Crop Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC). It was found that type of priming enhanced germination percentage significantly from low performance of 40% to 51%, 68% and 75.5% for hydration, osmopriming and salt priming respectively. Extending exposing period to the longest period gave significantly maximum increment in seed germination. Maximum germination enhancement was achieved when calcium chloride solution was used for the longest period (48 hrs.) giving value of 96.0%. Such increment reached 140% as compared with control. It was noticeable that increasing soaking period to the longest period examined in this investigation accelerated the rate of germination to a maximum level. Salt priming produced longest soybean seedling shoot when compared with control. Overall, for most results obtained in this trial, seed primed with CaCl2 showed better perfor mance than those primed with water or PEG solution. Seedling dry weight revealed a significant effect in a similar manner of seedling length. The longest exposing priming period showed a significant effect on seedling dry weight. Soybeans seeds proteins exposed to priming for all three periods used in this investigation varied from control, whereas number of protein bands on SDS gel increased from 10 bands separated on control pattern to 13, 11 and 12 for hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs., respectively. Also number of mono poly-uni. and unique bands varied as well as its intensive dye which reflect that amount of protein formed varied between treatments. Considering exposing seeds to salt solution of CaCl2 for longest period (48 hrs.) less bands of separated protein were formed on SDS gel. Biological seed quality was assessed by extracting proteins on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas, all priming treatment at application periods caused on increasing in peroxidase activity compared to control (untreated seeds). It was remarkably that the longest period of expose showed the highest peroxidase activity when compare to control and also for the short and medium exposing periods (6 and 12 hrs.). Also it was noticed that there were a unique diffuse band at the end of the lane, these bands were less intensive in staining color, meaning that their activities is less than those extracted from hydro-primed seeds for short and medium periods (6 and 12 hrs. respectively). Seed esterase activity bands had two prolonged regions, these bands appeared as a diffuse bands. Esterase activity bands of PAGE gel showed less activity as subjected to all priming types at any period used in this investigation (long, medium and short) when compared to untreated seed (control). It was clear that increasing period of exposing seeds to priming reduced esterase activity since the intensive band diminished in their intensive color.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration raised germination from 40% to 51%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEAN
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- hydratione0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Comparator
- low performance of 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“It was found that type of priming enhanced germination percentage significantly from low performance of 40% to 51%, 68% and 75.5% for hydration, osmopriming and salt priming respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmopriming raised germination from 40% to 68%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- osmopriminge0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 68%e0
- Comparator
- low performance of 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“It was found that type of priming enhanced germination percentage significantly from low performance of 40% to 51%, 68% and 75.5% for hydration, osmopriming and salt priming respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt priming raised germination from 40% to 75.5%.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt priminge0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 75.5%e0
- Comparator
- low performance of 40%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“It was found that type of priming enhanced germination percentage significantly from low performance of 40% to 51%, 68% and 75.5% for hydration, osmopriming and salt priming respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest exposure period maximized germination.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- longest periode0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- maximum incremente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“Extending exposing period to the longest period gave significantly maximum increment in seed germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride for 48 hours produced 96.0% germination, 140% over control.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- calcium chloride solution was used for the longest period (48 hrs.)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- incremente0
- Value
- 96.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 140%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“calcium chloride solution was used for the longest period (48 hrs.) giving value of 96.0%. Such increment reached 140% as compared with control”
e1“Maximum germination enhancement was achieved when calcium chloride solution was used for the longest period (48 hrs.) giving value of 96.0%”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer soaking accelerated germination rate to a maximum.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing soaking period to the longest periode0
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“increasing soaking period to the longest period examined in this investigation accelerated the rate of germination to a maximum level”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt priming produced longer soybean seedling shoots than control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Salt priminge0
- Outcome
- seedling shoote0
- Direction
- longeste0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt priming produced longest soybean seedling shoot when compared with control”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 priming performed better overall than water priming.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“seed primed with CaCl2 showed better perfor mance than those primed with water or PEG solution”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl2 priming performed better overall than PEG priming.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- perfor mancee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- PEG solutione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“seed primed with CaCl2 showed better perfor mance than those primed with water or PEG solution”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest priming exposure significantly affected seedling dry weight.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- longest exposing priming periode0
- Outcome
- seedling dry weighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“The longest exposing priming period showed a significant effect on seedling dry weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration for 6 hours increased protein bands from 10 to 13.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- hydration treatment at periods of 6e0
- Outcome
- number of protein bandse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13e0
- Qualifier
- 10 bandse0
- Comparator
- control patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“number of protein bands on SDS gel increased from 10 bands separated on control pattern to 13, 11 and 12 for hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs., respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration for 12 hours increased protein bands from 10 to 11.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12e0
- Outcome
- number of protein bandse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11e0
- Qualifier
- 10 bandse0
- Comparator
- control patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“number of protein bands on SDS gel increased from 10 bands separated on control pattern to 13, 11 and 12 for hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs., respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration for 24 hours increased protein bands from 10 to 12.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs.e0
- Outcome
- number of protein bandse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12e0
- Qualifier
- 10 bandse0
- Comparator
- control patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“number of protein bands on SDS gel increased from 10 bands separated on control pattern to 13, 11 and 12 for hydration treatment at periods of 6, 12 and 24 hrs., respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein band classes and staining intensity varied among treatments.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- number of mono poly-uni. and unique bandse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“number of mono poly-uni. and unique bands varied as well as its intensive dye which reflect that amount of protein formed varied between treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest CaCl2 soak formed fewer protein bands.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salt solution of CaCl2 for longest period (48 hrs.)e0
- Outcome
- bands of separated proteine0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“exposing seeds to salt solution of CaCl2 for longest period (48 hrs.) less bands of separated protein were formed on SDS gel”
Claim · model-written summary
All priming treatments increased seed peroxidase activity versus untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all priming treatment at application periodse0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- control (untreated seeds)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“all priming treatment at application periods caused on increasing in peroxidase activity compared to control (untreated seeds)”
Claim · model-written summary
The longest exposure had the highest peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- longest period of exposee0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- short and medium exposing periods (6 and 12 hrs.)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“longest period of expose showed the highest peroxidase activity when compare to control and also for the short and medium exposing periods (6 and 12 hrs.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All priming types reduced esterase activity relative to untreated seed.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- all priming types at any periode0
- Outcome
- Esterase activitye0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated seed (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“Esterase activity bands of PAGE gel showed less activity as subjected to all priming types at any period used in this investigation (long, medium and short) when compared to untreated seed (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer priming exposure reduced esterase activity.
- Taxon
- SOYBEANGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing period of exposing seeds to priminge0
- Outcome
- esterase activitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“SOYBEAN SEED”
e0“increasing period of exposing seeds to priming reduced esterase activity since the intensive band diminished in their intensive color”
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