Abstract
It has been proposed that in wild ecosystems viruses are often plant mutualists, whereas agroecosystems favour pathogenicity. We seek evidence for virus pathogenicity in wild ecosystems through the analysis of plant-virus coevolution, which requires a negative effect of infection on the host fitness. We focus on the interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), which is significant in nature. We studied the genetic diversity of A. thaliana for two defence traits, resistance and tolerance, to CMV. A set of 185 individuals collected in 76 A. thaliana Iberian wild populations were inoculated with different CMV strains. Resistance was estimated from the level of virus multiplication in infected plants, and tolerance from the effect of infection on host progeny production. Resistance and tolerance to CMV showed substantial genetic variation within and between host populations, and depended on the virus x host genotype interaction, two conditions for coevolution. Resistance and tolerance were co-occurring independent traits that have evolved independently from related life-history traits involved in adaptation to climate. The comparison of the genetic structure for resistance and tolerance with that for neutral traits (QST/FST analyses) indicated that both defence traits are likely under uniform selection. These results strongly suggest that CMV infection selects for defence on A. thaliana populations, and support plant-virus coevolution. Thus, we propose that CMV infection reduces host fitness under the field conditions of the wild A. thaliana populations studied.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance and tolerance to CMV varied genetically within and between host populations.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Interactor
- CMV
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- Resistance and tolerance to CMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance and tolerance to CMV showed substantial genetic variation within and between host populations”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance and tolerance depended on the virus by host genotype interaction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- host genotypee0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse1pathogen
- Outcome
- Resistance and tolerance to CMVe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“depended on the virus x host genotype interaction”
e1“Resistance and tolerance to CMV showed substantial genetic variation”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance and tolerance co-occurred but were independent traits.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- co-occurring independent traitse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistance and tolerance were co-occurring independent traits”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance and tolerance evolved independently of climate-related life-history traits.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- life-history traitse0
- Outcome
- Resistance and tolerancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“have evolved independently from related life-history traits involved in adaptation to climate”
e1“Resistance and tolerance were co-occurring independent traits”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance was likely under uniform selection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- resistancee1
- Qualifier
- likely under uniform selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both defence traits are likely under uniform selection”
e1“genetic structure for resistance and tolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Tolerance was likely under uniform selection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- tolerancee1
- Qualifier
- likely under uniform selectione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both defence traits are likely under uniform selection”
e1“genetic structure for resistance and tolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
CMV infection was inferred to select for defence in wild Arabidopsis populations.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- defencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV infection selects for defence on A. thaliana populations”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that CMV infection reduces host fitness under wild field conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- CMV infectione0
- Interactor
- CMVcucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- host fitnesse0
- Direction
- reducese0
- Setting
- field conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CMV infection reduces host fitness under the field conditions of the wild A. thaliana populations studied”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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