Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad-spectrum disease resistance response that can be induced upon infection from pathogens or by chemical treatment, such as with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH). SAR involves priming for more robust activation of defence genes upon pathogen attack. Whether priming for SAR would involve components of RNA silencing remained unknown. Here, we show that upon leaf infiltration of water, BTH-primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants accumulate higher amounts of mRNA of ARGONAUTE (AGO)2 and AGO3, key components of RNA silencing. The enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with prior-to-activation trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter and with induced resistance to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y]). The results suggest that priming A. thaliana for enhanced defence involves modification of histones in the AGO2 promoter that condition AGO2 for enhanced activation, associated with resistance to CMV(Y). Consistently, the fold-reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulation by BTH pretreatment was lower in ago2 than in wild type, pointing to reduced capacity of ago2 to activate BTH-induced CMV(Y) resistance. A role of AGO2 in pathogen-induced SAR is suggested by the enhanced activation of AGO2 after infiltrating systemic leaves of plants expressing a localized hypersensitive response upon CMV(Y) infection. In addition, local inoculation of SAR-inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola causes systemic priming for enhanced AGO2 expression. Together our results indicate that defence priming targets the AGO2 component of RNA silencing whose enhanced expression is likely to contribute to SAR.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
BTH-primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants accumulated higher amounts of AGO2 and AGO3 mRNA after leaf infiltration of water.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Treatment
- BTHe1
- Gene
- ARGONAUTE (AGO)2 and AGO3e1
- Outcome
- amounts of mRNAe1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“BTH-primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants accumulate higher amounts of mRNA of ARGONAUTE (AGO)2 and AGO3”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- AGO2e2
- Outcome
- trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3e2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“The enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with prior-to-activation trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with induced resistance to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y]).
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Interactor
- yellow strain of cucumber mosaic viruse3pathogen
- Gene
- AGO2e2
- Outcome
- resistancee3
- Direction
- inducede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e2“The enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with prior-to-activation trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter”
e3“and with induced resistance to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y])”
Claim · model-written summary
The fold-reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulation by BTH pretreatment was lower in ago2 mutants than in wild type.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- ago2e4
- Treatment
- BTH pretreatmente4
- Interactor
- CMV(Y)
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse4pathogen - Outcome
- fold-reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulatione4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Comparator
- wild typee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e4“the fold-reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulation by BTH pretreatment was lower in ago2 than in wild type”
Claim · model-written summary
After infiltration of systemic leaves of plants with a localized hypersensitive response upon CMV(Y) infection, AGO2 activation was enhanced.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Organ / stage
- systemic leavese5
- Treatment
- CMV(Y) infectione5
- Interactor
- CMV(Y)cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse5pathogen
- Gene
- AGO2e5
- Outcome
- activation of AGO2e5
- Direction
- enhancede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e5“A role of AGO2 in pathogen-induced SAR is suggested by the enhanced activation of AGO2 after infiltrating systemic leaves of plants expressing a localized hypersensitive response upon CMV(Y) infection”
Claim · model-written summary
Local inoculation with SAR-inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola caused systemic priming for enhanced AGO2 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- local inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolaPseudomonas syringae pv. maculicolae6pathogen
- Gene
- AGO2e6
- Outcome
- AGO2 expressione6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Qualifier
- systemic priminge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e6“local inoculation of SAR-inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola causes systemic priming for enhanced AGO2 expression”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.