Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense mechanism that provides protection against a broad spectrum of pathogens in distal tissues. Recent studies have revealed a concerted function of salicylic acid (SA) and N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) in the establishment of SAR against bacterial pathogens, but it remains unknown whether NHP is also involved in SAR against viruses. We found that the local application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a synthetic analog of SA, suppressed plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) infection in the distal leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. This suppression of infection in untreated distal leaves was observed at 1 day, but not at 3 days, after application. ASM application significantly increased the expression of SAR-related genes, including PR1, SID2, and ALD1 after 1 day of application. Viral suppression in distal leaves after local ASM application was not observed in the sid2-2 mutant, which is defective in isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), which is involved in salicylic acid synthesis; or in the fmo1 mutant, which is defective in the synthesis of NHP; or in the SA receptor npr1-1 mutant. Finally, we found that the local application of NHP suppressed PlAMV infection in the distal leaves. These results indicate that the local application of ASM induces antiviral SAR against PlAMV through a mechanism involving NHP.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Local ASM suppressed PlAMV infection in distal Arabidopsis leaves.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- local application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM)e0
- Interactor
- plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV)Plantago asiatica mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the local application of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a synthetic analog of SA, suppressed plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) infection in the distal leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression in distal leaves was observed one day but not three days after ASM application.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Outcome
- suppression of infection in untreated distal leavese0
- Qualifier
- at 1 day, but not at 3 days, after applicatione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“This suppression of infection in untreated distal leaves was observed at 1 day, but not at 3 days, after application.”
Claim · model-written summary
ASM significantly increased expression of PR1, SID2 and ALD1 after one day.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- ASM applicatione0
- Gene
- PR1, SID2, and ALD1e0
- Outcome
- expression of SAR-related genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- after 1 day of applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“ASM application significantly increased the expression of SAR-related genes, including PR1, SID2, and ALD1 after 1 day of application.”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal viral suppression after ASM was absent in sid2-2.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sid2-2 mutante0
- Treatment
- local ASM applicatione0
- Outcome
- Viral suppression in distal leavese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“Viral suppression in distal leaves after local ASM application was not observed in the sid2-2 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal viral suppression after ASM was absent in fmo1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- fmo1 mutante0
- Outcome
- fmo1 mutant, which is defective in the synthesis of NHPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“or in the fmo1 mutant, which is defective in the synthesis of NHP”
Claim · model-written summary
Distal viral suppression after ASM was absent in npr1-1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- npr1-1 mutante0
- Outcome
- SA receptor npr1-1 mutante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“or in the SA receptor npr1-1 mutant”
Claim · model-written summary
Local NHP suppressed distal PlAMV infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- local application of NHPe0
- Interactor
- PlAMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- PlAMV infectione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“the local application of NHP suppressed PlAMV infection in the distal leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that NHP participates in ASM-induced systemic antiviral resistance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- local application of ASMe0
- Interactor
- PlAMVe0pathogen
- Compound
- NHPe0
- Outcome
- antiviral SAR against PlAMVe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e0“the local application of ASM induces antiviral SAR against PlAMV through a mechanism involving NHP”
The same questions in other papers
acibenzolar-S-methyl · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.