Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important signaling role in the resistance of many plants to pathogen invasion. Increases in endogenous SA levels have been associated with the hypersensitive response as well as systemic acquired resistance (SAR). SA also induces the expression of a subset of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. However, relatively little is known about the events occurring subsequent to SA accumulation during a resistance response. In order to identify mutations in components of the SA signal transduction pathway, we have developed a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana that utilizes the Agrobacterium tumefaciens tms2 gene as a counter-selectable marker. SA-inducible expression of the tms2 gene from the tobacco PR-1a promoter confers sensitivity to alpha-naphthalene acetamide (alpha-NAM), resulting in inhibition of root growth in germinating transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. Mutants in which root growth is insensitive to alpha-NAM have been selected from this PR-1a:tms2 transgenic line with the expectation that a subset will lack a regulatory component downstream of SA. The sail mutant so identified expressed neither the PR-1a:tms2 transgene nor the endogenous Arabidopsis PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 genes in response to SA. These genes also were not induced in sai1 by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH), two chemical inducers of SAR. As expected of a mutation acting downstream of SA, sai1 plants accumulate SA and its glucoside in response to infection with an avirulent pathogen and are more susceptible to this avirulent pathogen than the wild-type parent. sai1 is allelic to npr1, a previously identified SA-noninducible mutation. The recessive nature of the noninducible sai1 mutation suggests that the wild-type SAI1 gene acts as a positive regulator in the SA signal transduction pathway.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
The PR-1a:tms2 marker made germinating Arabidopsis seedlings sensitive to alpha-NAM, inhibiting root growth.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Organ / stage
- germinating transgenic Arabidopsis seedlingse0
- Treatment
- alpha-naphthalene acetamide (alpha-NAM)e0
- Gene
- tms2 genee0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-inducible expression of the tms2 gene from the tobacco PR-1a promoter confers sensitivity to alpha-naphthalene acetamide (alpha-NAM), resulting in inhibition of root growth in germinating transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
The sai1 mutant did not express the PR-1a:tms2 transgene or endogenous PR genes in response to SA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- sail mutante0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- PR-1a:tms2 transgene nor the endogenous Arabidopsis PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 genese0
- Direction
- neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sail mutant so identified expressed neither the PR-1a:tms2 transgene nor the endogenous Arabidopsis PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 genes in response to SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
The same genes were not induced in sai1 by INA or BTH.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sai1e0
- Treatment
- 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH)e0
- Outcome
- These genese0
- Direction
- not inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes also were not induced in sai1 by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH)”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
sai1 plants accumulated SA and its glucoside following avirulent pathogen infection.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sai1e0
- Interactor
- avirulent pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- SA and its glucosidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sai1 plants accumulate SA and its glucoside in response to infection with an avirulent pathogen”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
sai1 plants were more susceptible to the avirulent pathogen than the wild-type parent.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- sai1e1
- Interactor
- avirulent pathogene0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptible to this avirulent pathogene0
- Direction
- more susceptiblee0
- Comparator
- wild-type parente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“are more susceptible to this avirulent pathogen than the wild-type parent.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
e1“These genes also were not induced in sai1 by 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) or benzothiadiazole (BTH)”
Claim · model-written summary
sai1 is allelic to npr1.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- npr1e0
- Outcome
- sai1 is allelic to npr1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sai1 is allelic to npr1”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
The recessive sai1 phenotype suggests wild-type SAI1 positively regulates SA signal transduction.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- SAI1 genee0
- Outcome
- positive regulator in the SA signal transduction pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The recessive nature of the noninducible sai1 mutation suggests that the wild-type SAI1 gene acts as a positive regulator in the SA signal transduction pathway.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
The same questions in other papers
benzothiadiazole · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
acibenzolar-S-methyl · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.