Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plant natriuretic peptides (PNPs) are a class of systemically mobile molecules distantly related to expansins. While several physiological responses to PNPs have been reported, their biological role has remained elusive. Here we use a combination of expression correlation analysis, meta-analysis of gene expression profiles in response to specific stimuli and in selected mutants, and promoter content analysis to infer the biological role of the Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A. RESULTS: A gene ontology analysis of AtPNP-A and the 25 most expression correlated genes revealed a significant over representation of genes annotated as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway. Transcription of these genes is strongly induced in response to salicylic acid (SA) and its functional synthetic analogue benzothiadiazole S-methylester (BTH), a number of biotic and abiotic stresses including many SA-mediated SAR-inducing conditions, as well as in the constitutive SAR expressing mutants cpr5 and mpk4 which have elevated SA levels. Furthermore, the expression of AtPNP-A was determined to be significantly correlated with the SAR annotated transcription factor, WRKY 70, and the promoters of AtPNP-A and the correlated genes contain an enrichment in the core WRKY binding W-box cis-elements. In constitutively expressing WRKY 70 lines the expression of AtPNP-A and the correlated genes, including the SAR marker genes, PR-2 and PR-5, were determined to be strongly induced. CONCLUSION: The co-expression analyses, both in wild type and mutants, provides compelling evidence that suggests AtPNP-A may function as a component of plant defence responses and SAR in particular. The presented evidence also suggests that the expression of AtPNP-A is controlled by WRKY transcription factors and WRKY 70 in particular. AtPNP-A shares many characteristics with PR proteins in that its transcription is strongly induced in response to pathogen challenges, it contains an N-terminal signalling peptide and is secreted into the extracellular space and along with PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 proteins it has been isolated from the Arabidopsis apoplast. Based on these findings we suggest that AtPNP-A could be classified as a newly identified PR protein.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
AtPNP-A and its 25 most correlated genes were enriched for systemic acquired resistance annotations.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae1 - Gene
- AtPNP-Ae0
- Outcome
- over representation of genes annotated as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathwaye0
- Value
- 25e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A gene ontology analysis of AtPNP-A and the 25 most expression correlated genes revealed a significant over representation of genes annotated as part of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlated genes were strongly induced by salicylic acid and benzothiadiazole S-methylester.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- salicylic acid (SA) and its functional synthetic analogue benzothiadiazole S-methylester (BTH)e0
- Outcome
- Transcription of these genese0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcription of these genes is strongly induced in response to salicylic acid (SA) and its functional synthetic analogue benzothiadiazole S-methylester (BTH)”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlated genes were strongly induced by biotic and abiotic stresses, including SAR inducing conditions.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- biotic and abiotic stressese0
- Outcome
- Transcription of these genese0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcription of these genes is strongly induced in response to salicylic acid (SA) and its functional synthetic analogue benzothiadiazole S-methylester (BTH), a number of biotic and abiotic stresses including many SA-mediated SAR-inducing conditions”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
The correlated genes were strongly induced in cpr5 and mpk4 mutants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae2
- Material
- cpr5 and mpk4e0
- Outcome
- Transcription of these genese1
- Direction
- strongly inducede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“as well as in the constitutive SAR expressing mutants cpr5 and mpk4 which have elevated SA levels.”
e1“Transcription of these genes is strongly induced”
e2“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPNP-A expression correlated significantly with WRKY 70.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae0
- Outcome
- expression of AtPNP-Ae0
- Qualifier
- significantly correlated with the SAR annotated transcription factor, WRKY 70e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of AtPNP-A was determined to be significantly correlated with the SAR annotated transcription factor, WRKY 70”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoters of AtPNP-A and correlated genes were enriched for W-box elements.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae0
- Outcome
- enrichment in the core WRKY binding W-box cis-elementse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the promoters of AtPNP-A and the correlated genes contain an enrichment in the core WRKY binding W-box cis-elements.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive WRKY 70 expression strongly induced AtPNP-A, correlated genes, PR-2 and PR-5.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- constitutively expressing WRKY 70e0
- Outcome
- expression of AtPNP-A and the correlated genes, including the SAR marker genes, PR-2 and PR-5e0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In constitutively expressing WRKY 70 lines the expression of AtPNP-A and the correlated genes, including the SAR marker genes, PR-2 and PR-5, were determined to be strongly induced.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that AtPNP-A may function in plant defence and SAR.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae0
- Outcome
- plant defence responses and SARe0
- Qualifier
- may function as a componente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AtPNP-A may function as a component of plant defence responses and SAR in particular.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer WRKY factors, particularly WRKY 70, control AtPNP-A expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- WRKY 70e0
- Outcome
- expression of AtPNP-Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of AtPNP-A is controlled by WRKY transcription factors and WRKY 70 in particular.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPNP-A transcription is strongly induced by pathogen challenges.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Treatment
- pathogen challengese0
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae1
- Outcome
- transcriptione0
- Direction
- strongly inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“its transcription is strongly induced in response to pathogen challenges”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPNP-A contains an N-terminal signalling peptide and is secreted into the extracellular space.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae1
- Outcome
- contains an N-terminal signalling peptide and is secreted into the extracellular spacee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it contains an N-terminal signalling peptide and is secreted into the extracellular space”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
Claim · model-written summary
AtPNP-A was isolated from the Arabidopsis apoplast alongside PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae1
- Outcome
- isolated from the Arabidopsis apoplaste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“along with PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 proteins it has been isolated from the Arabidopsis apoplast.”
e1“AtPNP-A shares many characteristics with PR proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest classifying AtPNP-A as a PR protein.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae1
- Gene
- AtPNP-Ae0
- Outcome
- classified as a newly identified PR proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we suggest that AtPNP-A could be classified as a newly identified PR protein.”
e1“Arabidopsis thaliana PNP, AtPNP-A”
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See all 28 papers →abiotic · molecular: expression · Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)Positive and negative results
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.