Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is reported to protect plants from heat shock (HS), but insufficient is known about its role in thermotolerance or how this relates to SA signaling in pathogen resistance. We tested thermotolerance and expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) and HS proteins (HSPs) in Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with modified SA signaling: plants with the SA hydroxylase NahG transgene, the nonexpresser of PR proteins (npr1) mutant, and the constitutive expressers of PR proteins (cpr1 and cpr5) mutants. At all growth stages from seeds to 3-week-old plants, we found evidence for SA-dependent signaling in basal thermotolerance (i.e. tolerance of HS without prior heat acclimation). Endogenous SA correlated with basal thermotolerance, with the SA-deficient NahG and SA-accumulating cpr5 genotypes having lowest and highest thermotolerance, respectively. SA promoted thermotolerance during the HS itself and subsequent recovery. Recovery from HS apparently involved an NPR1-dependent pathway but thermotolerance during HS did not. SA reduced electrolyte leakage, indicating that it induced membrane thermoprotection. PR-1 and Hsp17.6 were induced by SA or HS, indicating common factors in pathogen and HS responses. SA-induced Hsp17.6 expression had a different dose-response to PR-1 expression. HS-induced Hsp17.6 protein appeared more slowly in NahG. However, SA only partially induced HSPs. Hsp17.6 induction by HS was more substantial than by SA, and we found no SA effect on Hsp101 expression. All genotypes, including NahG and npr1, were capable of expression of HSPs and acquisition of HS tolerance by prior heat acclimation. Although SA promotes basal thermotolerance, it is not essential for acquired thermotolerance.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
SA-dependent signaling contributed to basal thermotolerance from seeds through three-week-old plants.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianat0 - Organ / stage
- seeds to 3-week-old plantse0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- basal thermotolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At all growth stages from seeds to 3-week-old plants, we found evidence for SA-dependent signaling in basal thermotolerance”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous SA correlated with basal thermotolerance; NahG had the lowest and cpr5 the highest tolerance.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- NahG and SA-accumulating cpr5 genotypese0
- Compound
- Endogenous SAe0
- Outcome
- basal thermotolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous SA correlated with basal thermotolerance, with the SA-deficient NahG and SA-accumulating cpr5 genotypes having lowest and highest thermotolerance, respectively.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA promoted thermotolerance during heat shock and recovery.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- thermotolerancee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA promoted thermotolerance during the HS itself and subsequent recovery.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery from heat shock apparently involved an NPR1-dependent pathway.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- Recovery from HSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery from HS apparently involved an NPR1-dependent pathway but thermotolerance during HS did not.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermotolerance during heat shock did not involve an NPR1-dependent pathway.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- thermotolerance during HSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Recovery from HS apparently involved an NPR1-dependent pathway but thermotolerance during HS did not.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakagee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA reduced electrolyte leakage, indicating that it induced membrane thermoprotection.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA or heat shock induced PR-1 and Hsp17.6.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SA or HSe0
- Outcome
- PR-1 and Hsp17.6e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-1 and Hsp17.6 were induced by SA or HS”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-induced Hsp17.6 expression had a different dose response from PR-1 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- Hsp17.6 expressione0
- Direction
- differente0
- Comparator
- PR-1 expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SA-induced Hsp17.6 expression had a different dose-response to PR-1 expression.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat-shock-induced Hsp17.6 protein appeared more slowly in NahG.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Material
- NahGe0
- Outcome
- Hsp17.6 proteine0
- Direction
- more slowlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HS-induced Hsp17.6 protein appeared more slowly in NahG.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA only partially induced HSPs.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- HSPse0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- partiallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, SA only partially induced HSPs.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat shock induced Hsp17.6 more substantially than SA.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- HSe0
- Outcome
- Hsp17.6 inductione0
- Direction
- more substantiale0
- Comparator
- SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hsp17.6 induction by HS was more substantial than by SA”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
SA had no effect on Hsp101 expression.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- SAe0
- Outcome
- Hsp101 expressione0
- Direction
- no SA effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we found no SA effect on Hsp101 expression.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
Claim · model-written summary
All genotypes expressed HSPs and acquired heat-shock tolerance after prior heat acclimation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
- Treatment
- prior heat acclimatione0
- Outcome
- expression of HSPs and acquisition of HS tolerancee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All genotypes, including NahG and npr1, were capable of expression of HSPs and acquisition of HS tolerance by prior heat acclimation.”
t0“Arabidopsis thaliana”
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