Abstract
Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings were grown in glass units to expose selectively either roots or shoots to vapors arising from soil containing a,a,a -trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine (trifluralin). The root and shoot growth of both species was inhibited by trifluralin vapors. Suppression of root and shoot growth increased as trifluralin application rates increased. In shoot exposure, vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluralin were lethal to seedlings of both species. In root exposure, root growth of both species was severely suppressed at 20 ppmw, but shoot growth was unaffected. Phytotoxic effects resulting from a given concentration of trifluralin were more severe as greater carrier volumes were used for application. Trifluralin vapors arising from soil 16 to 22 days after treatment were still sufficient to cause shoot growth inhibition.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin vapors inhibited root and shoot growth of foxtail millet seedlings.
- Taxon
- Foxtail millet
Setaria italicae0 - Treatment
- trifluralin vaporse1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e1“The root and shoot growth of both species was inhibited by trifluralin vapors”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin vapors inhibited root and shoot growth of proso millet seedlings.
- Taxon
- proso millet
Panicum miliaceume0 - Treatment
- trifluralin vaporse1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e1“The root and shoot growth of both species was inhibited by trifluralin vapors”
Claim · model-written summary
Suppression of millet root and shoot growth increased as trifluralin application rates increased.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e2“Suppression of root and shoot growth increased as trifluralin application rates increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin vapors from soil treated with 5 ppmw were lethal to foxtail millet seedlings in shoot exposure.
- Taxon
- Foxtail milletSetaria italicae0
- Treatment
- vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluraline3
- Outcome
- lethal to seedlingse3
- Value
- 5 ppmwe3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e3“In shoot exposure, vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluralin were lethal to seedlings of both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin vapors from soil treated with 5 ppmw were lethal to proso millet seedlings in shoot exposure.
- Taxon
- proso milletPanicum miliaceume0
- Treatment
- vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluraline3
- Outcome
- lethal to seedlingse3
- Value
- 5 ppmwe3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e3“In shoot exposure, vapors arising from soil treated with 5 ppmw of trifluralin were lethal to seedlings of both species”
Claim · model-written summary
In root exposure at 20 ppmw, foxtail millet root growth was severely suppressed while shoot growth was unaffected.
- Taxon
- Foxtail milletSetaria italicae0
- Treatment
- root exposuree4
- Outcome
- root growthe4
- Direction
- severely suppressede4
- Value
- 20 ppmwe4
- Qualifier
- shoot growth was unaffectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e4“In root exposure, root growth of both species was severely suppressed at 20 ppmw, but shoot growth was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
In root exposure at 20 ppmw, proso millet root growth was severely suppressed while shoot growth was unaffected.
- Taxon
- proso milletPanicum miliaceume0
- Treatment
- root exposuree4
- Outcome
- root growthe4
- Direction
- severely suppressede4
- Value
- 20 ppmwe4
- Qualifier
- shoot growth was unaffectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e4“In root exposure, root growth of both species was severely suppressed at 20 ppmw, but shoot growth was unaffected”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytotoxic effects of trifluralin vapor were more severe with greater carrier volumes used for application.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e5“Phytotoxic effects resulting from a given concentration of trifluralin were more severe as greater carrier volumes were used for application”
Claim · model-written summary
Trifluralin vapors from soil 16 to 22 days after treatment still inhibited shoot growth of millet seedlings.
Verbatim
e0“Foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. ‘Empire’] and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L. ‘White’) seedlings”
e6“Trifluralin vapors arising from soil 16 to 22 days after treatment were still sufficient to cause shoot growth inhibition”