Abstract
Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C. Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive. Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C, with a gradual decrease in reponse as temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon also occurred during storage of mature seed at 3 to 32 C. The rate and extent of this dormancy loss increased with an increase in storage temperature. Regardless of the temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO 3 treatments. Suitable combinations of after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO 3 induced over 90% germination of seed that was dormant at maturity. Experimental evidence has been obtained that suggests that this percentage may represent the total number of viable seed in the population. While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings. It appears that strategies could be developed to combine the use of ethephon and nitrate with the natural process of after-ripening to enhance and synchronize wild oat germination.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon promoted seed germination of wild oat.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e7“While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
KNO 3 promoted germination of wild oat seed, significantly.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e1“Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of ethephon and KNO 3 on germination were additive.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e1“Both chemicals significantly (P = 0.05) promoted germination and their effects were additive”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination response to all treatments was maximal at 7 C.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e2“Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination response decreased gradually as temperature or duration of after-ripening increased.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e2“Maximum stimulation of germination in response to all treatments occurred at 7 C”
e3“with a gradual decrease in reponse as temperature or duration of after-ripening”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate and extent of dormancy loss increased with storage temperature.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e4“The rate and extent of this dormancy loss increased with an increase in storage temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO 3 regardless of temperature or after-ripening duration.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e5“Regardless of the temperature or duration of after-ripening, the seed that retained dormancy during storage remained responsive to ethephon and KNO 3 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combinations of after-ripening, ethephon and KNO 3 induced over 90% germination of seed dormant at maturity.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Treatment
- after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO 3e6
- Outcome
- germination of seed that was dormant at maturitye6
- Direction
- inducede6
- Value
- over 90%e6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e6“Suitable combinations of after-ripening, ethephon, and KNO 3 induced over 90% germination of seed that was dormant at maturity”
Claim · model-written summary
The over 90% germination percentage may represent the total number of viable wild oat seed in the population.
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e7“Experimental evidence has been obtained that suggests that this percentage may represent the total number of viable seed in the population”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon severely stunted root and shoot growth of wild oat seedlings.
- Taxon
- wild oate0
- Organ / stage
- seedlingse7
- Treatment
- ethephone7
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe7
- Direction
- stuntede7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Germination of dormant wild oat ( Avena fatua L. # AVEFA) seed was examined in response to various concentrations of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), KNO 3 , or both together in the dark at temperatures ranging from 7 to 32 C.”
e7“While ethephon promoted seed germination, it severely stunted root and shoot growth of the resulting seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.