Abstract
Foliar zinc (ZnSO4) application is an effective agronomic tool for Zn biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and hence for overcoming human Zn deficiency. It is unclear how the methods used to apply phosphorus (P) fertilisers affect the uptake and availability of Zn in wheat plants. Here, a solution-culture experiment and a 2-year field experiment were conducted to determine the influence of P applied to leaves or roots on total, soluble and insoluble Zn in winter wheat plants (cv. Xiaoyan-22) also receiving foliar Zn. Foliar Zn application, regardless of P application, significantly improved grain total Zn (primarily water-soluble) by 79.4% under both growth conditions, and reduced grain phytic acid : Zn (PA : Zn) molar ratio by 54.4% in the field. In solution culture, root-applied P did not affect plant uptake of foliar-applied Zn; however, foliar application of Zn plus P reduced the soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissues, and thus decreased grain Zn concentration by 13.2% compared with Zn-only foliar application. Similarly, in the field, foliar-applied Zn plus P resulted in lower grain total and soluble Zn concentration and higher grain PA and PA : Zn molar ratio than foliar Zn alone. Overall, foliar Zn application is efficient in increasing grain Zn concentration and bioavailability under varied methods of P application. Although foliar-applied P slightly reduces the ability of plants to use foliar-applied Zn to increase grain Zn, foliar Zn combined with commonly applied foliar P application represents an easily adoptable practice for farmers that will help to alleviate Zn deficiency in human populations.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc increased grain total zinc by 79.4% under both growth conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- graine0
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn applicatione0
- Outcome
- grain total Zne0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 79.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar Zn application, regardless of P application, significantly improved grain total Zn (primarily water-soluble) by 79.4% under both growth conditions”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc reduced the grain phytic acid to zinc molar ratio by 54.4% in the field.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Foliar Zn applicatione1
- Outcome
- grain phytic acid : Zn (PA : Zn) molar ratioe0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54.4%e0
- Setting
- fielde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced grain phytic acid : Zn (PA : Zn) molar ratio by 54.4% in the field”
e1“Foliar Zn application, regardless of P application”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Root applied phosphorus did not affect uptake of foliar zinc in solution culture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- root-applied Pe0
- Outcome
- plant uptake of foliar-applied Zne0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- solution culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In solution culture, root-applied P did not affect plant uptake of foliar-applied Zn”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus phosphorus reduced the soluble zinc fraction in wheat tissues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn plus Pe0
- Outcome
- soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissuese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Zn-only foliar applicatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of Zn plus P reduced the soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissues”
e1“compared with Zn-only foliar application”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar zinc plus phosphorus decreased grain zinc concentration by 13.2% versus zinc only in solution culture.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- foliar application of Zn plus Pe0
- Outcome
- grain Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13.2%e0
- Comparator
- Zn-only foliar applicatione0
- Setting
- solution culturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar application of Zn plus P reduced the soluble fraction of Zn in wheat tissues, and thus decreased grain Zn concentration by 13.2% compared with Zn-only foliar application”
e1“In solution culture”
e2“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, foliar zinc plus phosphorus reduced grain total and soluble zinc concentrations compared with zinc alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar-applied Zn plus Pe0
- Outcome
- grain total and soluble Zn concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn alonee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the field, foliar-applied Zn plus P resulted in lower grain total and soluble Zn concentration and higher grain PA and PA : Zn molar ratio than foliar Zn alone”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the field, foliar zinc plus phosphorus increased grain phytic acid and phytic acid to zinc ratio relative to zinc alone.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar-applied Zn plus Pe0
- Outcome
- grain PA and PA : Zn molar ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- foliar Zn alonee0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the field, foliar-applied Zn plus P resulted in lower grain total and soluble Zn concentration and higher grain PA and PA : Zn molar ratio than foliar Zn alone”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude foliar zinc with commonly used foliar phosphorus is an adoptable farm practice.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- foliar Zn combined with commonly applied foliar P applicatione0
- Outcome
- easily adoptable practice for farmerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“foliar Zn combined with commonly applied foliar P application represents an easily adoptable practice for farmers”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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