Abstract
Pretreatment of tomato seeds with pendimethalin or metribuzin and inoculation of seedlings with the antagonistic Streptomyces corchorusii or/and Streptomyces mutabilis were tested for the formation of tomatine in roots and stems of tomato, infested with Pseudomonas solancearum or/and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. All treatments induced the formation of variable quantities of tomatine, compared with untreated control. The variation was proportional to: the pathogen, Fusarium was more stimulating than Pseudomonas; the antagonistic organism, S. corchorusii being more eliciting than S. mutabilis; the herbicide and its concentration, pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) M being the most eliciting of tomatine; and according to the soil, plants grown in non-sterilized soil accumulated more tomatine than did these grown in sterilized soil. In all treatments, stems had more tomatine than roots and non-sterilized soil was better than sterilized soil. The antagonistic streptomycetes induced accumulation of tomatine more than did the herbicides. The highest amounts of tomatine were detected in plants pretreated with pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) M, grown in non-sterilized soil, infested with F. oxysporum, and inoculated with S. corchorusii and S. mutabilis. The effect of the extracted tomatine on the growth of Fusarium and Pseudomonas was examined in vitro. The crude extract of tomatine from all treatments reduced growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum and growth of P. solanacearum in defined media. The reduction varied according to the treatment and was proportional to the quantities of extracted tomatine, the highest amounts being the most effective. The mechanism of phytoalexins in controlling tomato wilt pathogens was also discussed.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments induced variable tomatine amounts relative to untreated tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- tomatinee0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments induced the formation of variable quantities of tomatine, compared with untreated control.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium stimulated more tomatine than Pseudomonas.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Fusariume0
- Outcome
- tomatinet1
- Direction
- more stimulatinge0
- Comparator
- Pseudomonase0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fusarium was more stimulating than Pseudomonas”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
S. corchorusii elicited more tomatine than S. mutabilis.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- S. corchorusiie0
- Interactor
- S. corchorusiiStreptomyces corchorusiie0biocontrol_agentt1
- Outcome
- tomatinet1
- Direction
- more elicitinge0
- Comparator
- S. mutabilise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. corchorusii being more eliciting than S. mutabilis”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) M elicited the most tomatine.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) Me0
- Outcome
- tomatinee0
- Direction
- most elicitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) M being the most eliciting of tomatine”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-sterilized soil yielded more tomatine than sterilized soil.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- non-sterilized soile0
- Outcome
- tomatinet1
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- sterilized soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants grown in non-sterilized soil accumulated more tomatine than did these grown in sterilized soil”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stems contained more tomatine than roots.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Outcome
- tomatinet1
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stems had more tomatine than roots”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonistic streptomycetes induced more tomatine accumulation than herbicides.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- antagonistic streptomycetese0
- Interactor
- streptomycetesKitasatosporalese0biocontrol_agentt1
- Outcome
- accumulation of tomatinee0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antagonistic streptomycetes induced accumulation of tomatine more than did the herbicides.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest tomatine amounts occurred with pendimethalin, non-sterilized soil, F. oxysporum, and both Streptomyces species.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) Me0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogent1 - Second interactor
- S. corchorusiiStreptomyces corchorusiie0biocontrol_agentt1
- Outcome
- amounts of tomatinee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- S. mutabilise0
- Setting
- non-sterilized soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The highest amounts of tomatine were detected in plants pretreated with pendimethalin at 2 x 10(-3) M, grown in non-sterilized soil, infested with F. oxysporum, and inoculated with S. corchorusii and S. mutabilis.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatine extract reduced F. oxysporum growth.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- crude extract of tomatinee0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogent1
- Outcome
- growth and sporulation of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- defined mediae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude extract of tomatine from all treatments reduced growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum and growth of P. solanacearum in defined media.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomatine extract reduced P. solanacearum growth.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- crude extract of tomatinee0
- Outcome
- growth of P. solanacearume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- defined mediae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The crude extract of tomatine from all treatments reduced growth and sporulation of F. oxysporum and growth of P. solanacearum in defined media.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
Claim · model-written summary
More extracted tomatine corresponded to stronger pathogen reduction.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Compound
- tomatinee0
- Outcome
- reductione0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- highest amountse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reduction varied according to the treatment and was proportional to the quantities of extracted tomatine, the highest amounts being the most effective.”
t0“tomato plants”
t1“Formation of tomatine in tomato plants infected with Streptomyces species and treated with herbicides, correlated with reduction of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Fusarium oxysporum · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
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See all 25 papers →botanical · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
202 papers in the same direction as this paper · 87 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
287 papers more in this group
See all 291 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.