Abstract
Water deficiency significantly affects photosynthetic characteristics. However, there is little information about variations in antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean under imbalanced water deficit conditions (WDC). We therefore investigated the changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, total soluble protein, Rubisco activity (RA), and enzymatic activities of two soybean varieties subjected to four different types of imbalanced WDC under a split-root system. The results indicated that the response of both cultivars was significant for all the measured parameters and the degree of response differed between cultivars under imbalanced WDC. The maximum values of enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX, and POD), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, qP, ɸPSII, and ETR), proline, RA, and total soluble protein were obtained with a drought-tolerant cultivar (ND-12). Among imbalanced WDC, the enhanced net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance rates in T2 allowed the production of higher total soluble protein after 5 days of stress, which compensated for the negative effects of imbalanced WDC. Treatment T4 exhibited greater potential for proline accumulation than treatment T1 at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment, thus showing the severity of the water stress conditions. In addition, the chlorophyll fluorescence values of FvFm, ɸPSII, qP, and ETR decreased as the imbalanced WDC increased, with lower values noted under treatment T4. Soybean plants grown in imbalanced WDC (T2, T3, and T4) exhibited signs of oxidative stress such as decreased chlorophyll content. Nevertheless, soybean plants developed their antioxidative defense-mechanisms, including the accelerated activities of these enzymes. Comparatively, the leaves of soybean plants in T2 displayed lower antioxidative enzymes activities than the leaves of T4 plants showing that soybean plants experienced less WDC in T2 compared to in T4. We therefore suggest that appropriate soybean cultivars and T2 treatments could mitigate abiotic stresses under imbalanced WDC, especially in intercropping.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Responses to water deficit differed between soybean cultivars for all measured parameters.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the response of both cultivars was significant for all the measured parameters and the degree of response differed between cultivars under imbalanced WDC.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The drought-tolerant ND-12 cultivar had maximum antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Outcome
- enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX, and POD)e0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum values of enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GR, APX, and POD)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ND-12 had maximum chlorophyll fluorescence measures.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, qP, ɸPSII, and ETR)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, qP, ɸPSII, and ETR)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
ND-12 had maximum proline, Rubisco activity, and soluble protein.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- ND-12e0
- Outcome
- proline, RA, and total soluble proteine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“proline, RA, and total soluble protein were obtained with a drought-tolerant cultivar (ND-12).”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 enhanced net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance ratese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enhanced net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance rates in T2”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 produced higher soluble protein after five days of stress.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- total soluble proteine0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- after 5 days of stresse0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher total soluble protein after 5 days of stress”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had greater proline accumulation than T1 across the sampled days.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Treatment T4e0
- Outcome
- proline accumulatione0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatmente0
- Comparator
- treatment T1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment T4 exhibited greater potential for proline accumulation than treatment T1 at 0, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence measures decreased as water deficit increased.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- imbalanced WDCe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence values of FvFm, ɸPSII, qP, and ETRe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the chlorophyll fluorescence values of FvFm, ɸPSII, qP, and ETR decreased as the imbalanced WDC increased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
T4 had lower chlorophyll fluorescence values.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- treatment T4e0
- Outcome
- lower valuese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower values noted under treatment T4”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Imbalanced water deficit decreased soybean chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- imbalanced WDC (T2, T3, and T4)e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean plants grown in imbalanced WDC (T2, T3, and T4) exhibited signs of oxidative stress such as decreased chlorophyll content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean antioxidant enzyme activities accelerated under deficit.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- activities of these enzymese0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean plants developed their antioxidative defense-mechanisms, including the accelerated activities of these enzymes.”
Claim · model-written summary
T2 leaves had lower antioxidant enzyme activity than T4 leaves.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- T2e0
- Outcome
- antioxidative enzymes activitiese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- T4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the leaves of soybean plants in T2 displayed lower antioxidative enzymes activities than the leaves of T4 plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend suitable cultivars and T2 treatments to mitigate water deficit stress.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- T2 treatmentse0
- Outcome
- mitigate abiotic stressese0
- Qualifier
- especially in intercroppinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“appropriate soybean cultivars and T2 treatments could mitigate abiotic stresses under imbalanced WDC, especially in intercropping.”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: pigments · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
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