Abstract
The molecular mechanisms acting between host recognition of pathogen effectors by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) proteins and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades are unknown. MAPKKKα (M3Kα) activates MAPK signaling leading to programmed cell death (PCD) associated with NLR-triggered immunity. We identified a tomato M3Kα-interacting protein, SlMai1, that has 80% amino acid identity with Arabidopsis brassinosteroid kinase 1 (AtBsk1). SlMai1 has a protein kinase domain and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain that interacts with the kinase domain of M3Kα. Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae and compromised PCD induced by four NLR proteins. PCD was restored by expression of a synthetic SlMai1 gene that resists silencing. Expression of AtBsk1 did not restore PCD in Mai1-silenced plants, suggesting SlMai1 is functionally divergent from AtBsk1. PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2 was unaffected by Mai1 silencing, suggesting Mai1 acts upstream of these proteins. Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kα in leaves enhanced MAPK phosphorylation and accelerated PCD. These findings suggest Mai1 is a molecular link acting between host recognition of pathogens and MAPK signaling.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato SlMai1 interacted with M3Kα and shared 80% amino acid identity with AtBsk1.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- SlMai1e0
- Outcome
- M3Kα-interacting proteine0
- Value
- 80%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified a tomato M3Kα-interacting protein, SlMai1, that has 80% amino acid identity with Arabidopsis brassinosteroid kinase 1 (AtBsk1)”
Claim · model-written summary
The SlMai1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain interacts with the M3Kα kinase domain.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume1
- Gene
- M3Kαe0
- Outcome
- interacts with the kinase domain of M3Kαe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain that interacts with the kinase domain of M3Kα”
t0“Host”
e1“We identified a tomato M3Kα-interacting protein, SlMai1, that has 80% amino acid identity with Arabidopsis brassinosteroid kinase 1 (AtBsk1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Mai1 homologs increased Nicotiana benthamiana susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Gene
- Mai1e0
- Outcome
- susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringaee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Mai1 homologs compromised NLR-induced programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Mai1 silencinge2
- Outcome
- PCD induced by four NLR proteinse0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compromised PCD induced by four NLR proteins”
t0“Mai1 Protein”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
e2“PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2 was unaffected by Mai1 silencing”
Claim · model-written summary
A silencing-resistant SlMai1 gene restored programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- expression of a synthetic SlMai1 genee0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCD was restored by expression of a synthetic SlMai1 gene that resists silencing”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
AtBsk1 expression did not restore programmed cell death in Mai1-silenced plants.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Expression of AtBsk1e0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- did not restoree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Expression of AtBsk1 did not restore PCD in Mai1-silenced plants”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Mai1 silencing did not affect programmed cell death caused by M3Kα overexpression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Mai1 silencinge0
- Outcome
- PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kαe0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2 was unaffected by Mai1 silencing”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Mai1 silencing did not affect programmed cell death caused by MKK2 overexpression.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Mai1 silencinge0
- Outcome
- PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2e0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PCD caused by overexpression of M3Kα or MKK2 was unaffected by Mai1 silencing”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Mai1 coexpression with M3Kα enhanced MAPK phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kαe0
- Outcome
- MAPK phosphorylatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kα in leaves enhanced MAPK phosphorylation”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
Claim · model-written summary
Mai1 coexpression with M3Kα accelerated programmed cell death.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamianaNicotiana benthamianae1
- Treatment
- Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kαe0
- Outcome
- PCDe0
- Direction
- acceleratede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Coexpression of Mai1 with M3Kα in leaves enhanced MAPK phosphorylation and accelerated PCD”
t0“Host”
e1“Virus-induced gene silencing of Mai1 homologs in Nicotiana benthamiana increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae”
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