Abstract
Successful commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] production relies on mitigation of alternate bearing, which is a function of pistillate flower production. Mechanisms of floral initiation in pecan are not well understood. Our objective was to assess the impact of select plant growth regulators (PGRs) on return bloom for commercial application in pecan trees grown in the Southwestern United States. A 2-year study evaluated effects of ethephon, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), and gibberellin GA 3 (GA 3 ) on subsequent season return bloom in fruiting and nonfruiting pecan shoots. Cultivars used were mature Western and immature Western and Pawnee. Effects of PGRs on return bloom of nonfruiting shoots were different from fruiting shoots. As compared with untreated control, a GA 3 treatment on fruiting shoots of mature ‘Western’ trees increased the number of flowers per new shoot by 125%. For nonfruiting shoots on the mature ‘Western’ trees, the number of flowers per new shoot decreased significantly by all PGR treatments and as much as 93% for AVG. In previously nonfruiting shoots on the immature ‘Western’ trees, a GA 3 treatment reduced the number of flowers per new shoot in the next season by 88.2%. Results from immature ‘Pawnee’ shoots did not show statistically significant differences. The effects of these PGRs on subsequent season flowering in pecan are complex. This study suggests that PGRs can be used to increase or decrease cropload through effects on return bloom and therefore have potential uses for mitigating alternate bearing.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Regulator effects on return bloom differed between nonfruiting and fruiting shoots.
- Taxon
- pecan
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=60)
Carya illinoinensist0 - Organ / stage
- nonfruiting shootse0
- Outcome
- return bloome0
- Direction
- differente0
- Comparator
- fruiting shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_1_(24790682337).jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Effects of PGRs on return bloom of nonfruiting shoots were different from fruiting shoots”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 increased flowers per new shoot by 125% on fruiting mature Western shoots against untreated controls.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Material
- Westerne0
- Organ / stage
- fruiting shootse0
- Treatment
- GA 3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per new shoote0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 125%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As compared with untreated control, a GA 3 treatment on fruiting shoots of mature ‘Western’ trees increased the number of flowers per new shoot by 125%”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
All regulators reduced flowers per new shoot on nonfruiting mature Western shoots.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Material
- Westerne0
- Organ / stage
- nonfruiting shootse0
- Treatment
- all PGR treatmentse0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per new shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For nonfruiting shoots on the mature ‘Western’ trees, the number of flowers per new shoot decreased significantly by all PGR treatments and as much as 93% for AVG”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
AVG reduced flowers per shoot by as much as 93% on nonfruiting mature Western shoots.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Material
- Westerne0
- Organ / stage
- nonfruiting shootse0
- Treatment
- AVGe0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per new shoote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 93%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For nonfruiting shoots on the mature ‘Western’ trees, the number of flowers per new shoot decreased significantly by all PGR treatments and as much as 93% for AVG”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
GA 3 reduced next-season flowers per shoot by 88.2% on previously nonfruiting immature Western shoots.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Material
- Westerne0
- Organ / stage
- previously nonfruiting shootse0
- Treatment
- GA 3 treatmente0
- Outcome
- number of flowers per new shoote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 88.2%e0
- Qualifier
- in the next seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In previously nonfruiting shoots on the immature ‘Western’ trees, a GA 3 treatment reduced the number of flowers per new shoot in the next season by 88.2%”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature Pawnee shoots showed no statistically significant treatment differences.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Material
- Pawneee0
- Outcome
- statistically significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results from immature ‘Pawnee’ shoots did not show statistically significant differences”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest regulators can alter crop load through return bloom and help mitigate alternate bearing.
- Taxon
- pecanCarya illinoinensist0
- Treatment
- PGRse0
- Outcome
- potential uses for mitigating alternate bearinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PGRs can be used to increase or decrease cropload through effects on return bloom and therefore have potential uses for mitigating alternate bearing”
t0“commercial pecan [ Carya illinoinensis”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · yield · Carya illinoinensis (pecan)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.