Abstract
Abstract Rice hoppers can cause devastation to rice crops in SE Asia via disease spread and direct feeding. Current regulation is through pesticides; however, a more sustainable approach is to use the natural enemies of the hoppers. Here, we show how the combination of a process‐based model and field data can give insights into natural pest control, beyond those obtained through direct analysis of the field data. We use a stage‐structured host‐parasitoid model based on time‐delay ordinary differential equations (using the r package “stagePop”; Kettle & Nutter, 2015; Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6 :1484–1490) to investigate the interactions of four parasitoid genera and an egg predator on the eggs of two hopper hosts: the brown plant hopper ( Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) and the green leaf hopper ( Nephottetix spp.). Model parameters are derived from 62 (×3) datasets from experiments in the Philippines. In these experiments, hopper eggs on rice plants were exposed in the field for 3 days and then taken back to the laboratory. The number of emerging hopper nymphs and parasitoid adults were then recorded. Single‐host and mixed host experiments were performed. The field data are not sufficient to fully constrain the model parameters so our results are given in terms of the value of an unknown parameter ( γ ; the number of hopper eggs killed per successful parasitism) which may be ascertained via future experiments. Synthesis and applications . Our model experiments suggest that although parasitoids are most likely the main control on hopper egg abundance, and despite the fact that the egg predator also consumes parasitoid eggs, the two‐enemy system (parasitoids and predators) is more effective at hopper egg control than if either enemy is present alone. Our results provide evidence in support of ecological engineering approaches that promote both parasitoids and egg predators.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitoids are most likely the main control on hopper egg abundance (model result).
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Interactor
- hoppere1pest
- Second interactor
- parasitoidse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- hopper egg abundancee1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice hoppers can cause devastation to rice crops”
e1“parasitoids are most likely the main control on hopper egg abundance”
Claim · model-written summary
In the model, the two-enemy system (parasitoids and predators) is more effective at hopper egg control than either enemy alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- two‐enemy system (parasitoids and predators)e1
- Interactor
- hoppere1pest
- Second interactor
- parasitoidse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- hopper egg controle1
- Direction
- more effectivee1
- Comparator
- either enemy is present alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice hoppers can cause devastation to rice crops”
e1“the two‐enemy system (parasitoids and predators) is more effective at hopper egg control than if either enemy is present alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining a process-based model with field data gives insights into natural pest control beyond direct analysis of the field data.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- insights into natural pest controle2
- Comparator
- direct analysis of the field datae2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice hoppers can cause devastation to rice crops”
e2“Here, we show how the combination of a process‐based model and field data can give insights into natural pest control, beyond those obtained through direct analysis of the field data”
Claim · model-written summary
The results support ecological engineering approaches that promote both parasitoids and egg predators.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- ecological engineering approaches that promote both parasitoids and egg predatorse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice hoppers can cause devastation to rice crops”
e3“Our results provide evidence in support of ecological engineering approaches that promote both parasitoids and egg predators”
The same questions in other papers
biocontrol · control · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.