Abstract
Two field experiments were carried out in Gemmeiza Research Station during the two summer successive seasons 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of three soil tillage depths i.e. 15, 20 and 25 cm and three intercropping patterns i.e. P1-100% maize (single cross 128) + 50% soybean (variety Giza 111) in ridges (0.70 m in width) P2- 100% maize + 50 % soybean in beds (1.40 m in width) and soybean was intercropped with maize at the two rows on bed back, whereas maize was planted at both sides of the bed and P3- Pure stands of maize and soybean were planted as recommended for each crop. The experiment was laid out in a strep plot design in three replicates. Results could be summarized as follows: All characters of maize was significant by affected increasing soil tillage depth from 15 up to 20 cm depth except, plant height in first season. On the other hand, maize grain yield recorded the highest value with tillage depth at 20 cm in both seasons. Maize pure stand recorded the highest values of all studied characters followed by planting in beds and the lowest values were obtained, when maize grown in ridges in both seasons, except, plant height behaved opposite trend of these characters. indicated that plant height in the second season, No. of kernels, ear weight-1, 100-kernel weight in the first season and maize grain yield fad-1 in both seasons were significantly affected by interaction between plowing depth and intercropping patterns. Also, all soybean characters were significantly affected by tillage systems in both seasons, where, tillage depth at 20 cm gave the highest values, followed by at 25 cm While, 15 cm depth gave the lowest values in both seasons. Whereas soybean pure stand recorded the highest values of yield in both seasons, followed intercropping 100% + 50% soybean on the beds in both seasons. The found that 100-seed weight and seed yield fad-1 in both seasons were significantly affected by the interaction between different tillage depth and intercropping patterns. Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on beds recorded the highest values for LER (1.34) and LEC (0.43) in the combined analysis, which showed that intercropping had better grain yield performance when compared to sole cropping. All intercropping patterns were grown in different depths were positive for total income comparative to maize pure stand in combined analysis of both seasons. The highest total income and MAI were achieved with plowing depth at 20 cm in beds (8855.96and 2247.03 L.E. fad-1 ) and the lowest value was showed with plough at 25 cm in ridge (6426.63 and 126.01L.E.fad). Growing maize and soybean with plowing depth at 20 cm increased total income by 10.26 and 10.70%, while MAI increased by 0.88 and 28.80 % compared with plowing depth 15 and 25 respectively. It could be concluded that tillage at 20 cm depth and intercropping pattern (100% + 50%) maize/soybean planted in beds to obtain the best land usage and total income.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Maize characters changed significantly as tillage depth rose from 15 to 20 cm, except first-season height.
- Treatment
- soil tillage depth from 15 up to 20 cm depthe0
- Outcome
- All characters of maizee0
- Comparator
- 15e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All characters of maize was significant by affected increasing soil tillage depth from 15 up to 20 cm depth except, plant height in first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield was highest at 20 cm tillage in both seasons.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize grain yield recorded the highest value with tillage depth at 20 cm in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure maize stands had the highest studied trait values, then beds, then ridges.
- Treatment
- Maize pure stande0
- Outcome
- all studied characterse0
- Direction
- highest valuese0
- Comparator
- planting in bedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maize pure stand recorded the highest values of all studied characters followed by planting in beds and the lowest values were obtained, when maize grown in ridges in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize height showed the opposite pattern from the other traits.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height behaved opposite trend of these characters”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize height, kernel count, ear weight, kernel weight and grain yield showed significant tillage-by-pattern interaction.
- Treatment
- plowing depth and intercropping patternse0
- Outcome
- plant height in the second season, No. of kernels, ear weight-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant height in the second season, No. of kernels, ear weight-1, 100-kernel weight in the first season and maize grain yield fad-1 in both seasons were significantly affected by interaction between plowing depth and intercropping patterns”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean traits were significantly affected by tillage in both seasons.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- tillage systemse0
- Outcome
- all soybean characterse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all soybean characters were significantly affected by tillage systems in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean traits were highest at 20 cm, next at 25 cm and lowest at 15 cm.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- tillage depth at 20 cme0
- Outcome
- all soybean characterse1
- Direction
- highest valuese0
- Comparator
- 25 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tillage depth at 20 cm gave the highest values, followed by at 25 cm While, 15 cm depth gave the lowest values in both seasons”
e1“all soybean characters were significantly affected by tillage systems in both seasons”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Pure soybean stands had the highest yield, followed by intercropping on beds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- soybean pure stande0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highest valuese0
- Comparator
- intercropping 100% + 50% soybean on the bedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean pure stand recorded the highest values of yield in both seasons, followed intercropping 100% + 50% soybean on the beds in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean seed weight and seed yield were significantly affected by tillage-by-pattern interaction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- different tillage depth and intercropping patternse0
- Outcome
- 100-seed weight and seed yield fad-1e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100-seed weight and seed yield fad-1 in both seasons were significantly affected by the interaction between different tillage depth and intercropping patterns”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage at 20 cm with bed intercropping gave the highest LER, 1.34.
- Taxon
- maize + 50% soybeane0
- Treatment
- Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on bedse0
- Outcome
- LERe0
- Direction
- highest valuese0
- Value
- 1.34e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on beds recorded the highest values for LER (1.34) and LEC (0.43)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage at 20 cm with bed intercropping gave the highest LEC, 0.43.
- Taxon
- maize + 50% soybeane0
- Treatment
- Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on bedse0
- Outcome
- LECe0
- Direction
- highest valuese0
- Value
- 0.43e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Soil tillage depth at 20 cm and intercropping pattern (100% maize + 50% soybean) on beds recorded the highest values for LER (1.34) and LEC (0.43)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping performed better for grain yield than sole cropping.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping had better grain yield performance when compared to sole cropping”
t0“Soybean with Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping produced positive total income relative to pure maize.
- Treatment
- intercropping patternse0
- Outcome
- total incomee0
- Direction
- positivee0
- Comparator
- maize pure stande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All intercropping patterns were grown in different depths were positive for total income comparative to maize pure stand”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest total income was 8855.96 L.E. fad-1 at 20 cm in beds.
- Taxon
- Soybean with Maizet0
- Treatment
- plowing depth at 20 cm in bedse0
- Outcome
- total incomee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 8855.96and 2247.03 L.E. fad-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest total income and MAI were achieved with plowing depth at 20 cm in beds (8855.96and 2247.03 L.E. fad-1 )”
t0“Soybean with Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest MAI was 2247.03 L.E. fad-1 at 20 cm in beds.
- Taxon
- Soybean with Maizet0
- Treatment
- plowing depth at 20 cm in bedse0
- Outcome
- MAIe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 2247.03 L.E. fad-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The highest total income and MAI were achieved with plowing depth at 20 cm in beds (8855.96and 2247.03 L.E. fad-1 )”
t0“Soybean with Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The lowest total income and MAI occurred at 25 cm tillage in ridges.
- Taxon
- Soybean with Maizet0
- Treatment
- plough at 25 cm in ridgee0
- Outcome
- lowest valuee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 6426.63 and 126.01L.E.fade0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the lowest value was showed with plough at 25 cm in ridge (6426.63 and 126.01L.E.fad)”
t0“Soybean with Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 cm tillage total income rose 10.26% against 15 cm and 10.70% against 25 cm.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine max
Zea mayse0 - Treatment
- plowing depth at 20 cme0
- Outcome
- total incomee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10.26 and 10.70%e0
- Comparator
- plowing depth 15 and 25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing maize and soybean with plowing depth at 20 cm increased total income by 10.26 and 10.70%, while MAI increased by 0.88 and 28.80 % compared with plowing depth 15 and 25 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 cm tillage MAI rose 0.88% against 15 cm and 28.80% against 25 cm.
- Taxon
- maize and soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse0
- Treatment
- plowing depth at 20 cme0
- Outcome
- MAIe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.88 and 28.80 %e0
- Comparator
- plowing depth 15 and 25e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growing maize and soybean with plowing depth at 20 cm increased total income by 10.26 and 10.70%, while MAI increased by 0.88 and 28.80 % compared with plowing depth 15 and 25 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 20 cm tillage and bed maize–soybean intercropping for land use and income.
- Taxon
- maize/soybeanGlycine maxZea mayse0
- Treatment
- tillage at 20 cm depth and intercropping pattern (100% + 50%) maize/soybean planted in bedse0
- Outcome
- best land usage and total incomee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tillage at 20 cm depth and intercropping pattern (100% + 50%) maize/soybean planted in beds to obtain the best land usage and total income”
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