Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an important medicinal and aromatic herb, used by various pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. For most species, seed-based multiplication is effective and convenient, but for rosemary, seed germination is a problem due to the mucilaginous seed coat, and sometimes the germination is no more than 10–20% resulting in non-uniform crop establishment. This investigation was carried out to improve seed germination by using low-cost organic seed priming techniques. Eleven pre-sowing seed treatments were tested, based on locally available resources, including: soaking seeds in water (cold and hot), bovine urine (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentration), bovine dung slurry, buttermilk, compost tea and Agnihotra ash, and comparing with an untreated control. All the pre-sowing seed treatments increased the percentage of seed germination in rosemary compared with the control, except buttermilk, which had an adverse effect. Among the different treatments, seed germination was significantly increased to 46.7% for seeds treated with bovine dung slurry and to 42.0% for seeds treated with bovine urine5.0%, compared with those in the control where the germination was 9.7%. The bovine dung slurry treatment also recorded uniform and early germination (9 days for initiation and completion at 43 days) resulting in a significantly higher rate of germination (1.4) than the control. The number of leaves, the root length and the seedling vigour were also recorded to be the highest for seeds treated with bovine dung slurry, followed by bovine urine5.0%.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-sowing treatments other than buttermilk increased rosemary seed germination.
- Taxon
- rosemary
Salvia rosmarinuse0 - Treatment
- pre-sowing seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- percentage of seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- except buttermilke0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the pre-sowing seed treatments increased the percentage of seed germination in rosemary compared with the control, except buttermilk, which had an adverse effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Buttermilk adversely affected rosemary germination.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse0
- Treatment
- buttermilke0
- Outcome
- percentage of seed germinatione0
- Direction
- adverse effecte0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the pre-sowing seed treatments increased the percentage of seed germination in rosemary compared with the control, except buttermilk, which had an adverse effect.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bovine dung slurry increased germination to 46.7% versus 9.7% in controls.
- Treatment
- bovine dung slurrye0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 46.7%e0
- Qualifier
- 9.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“seed germination was significantly increased to 46.7% for seeds treated with bovine dung slurry and to 42.0% for seeds treated with bovine urine5.0%, compared with those in the control where the germination was 9.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Bovine urine5.0% increased germination to 42.0% versus 9.7% in controls.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- bovine urine5.0%e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 42.0%e0
- Qualifier
- 9.7%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed germination was significantly increased to 46.7% for seeds treated with bovine dung slurry and to 42.0% for seeds treated with bovine urine5.0%, compared with those in the control where the germination was 9.7%”
t0“rosemary”
Claim · model-written summary
Bovine dung slurry produced uniform and early germination, beginning at 9 days and finishing at 43 days.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- bovine dung slurrye0
- Outcome
- uniform and early germinatione0
- Direction
- earlye0
- Value
- 9 dayse0
- Qualifier
- completion at 43 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The bovine dung slurry treatment also recorded uniform and early germination (9 days for initiation and completion at 43 days)”
t0“rosemary”
Claim · model-written summary
Bovine dung slurry raised the germination rate to 1.4 versus the control.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- bovine dung slurry treatmente1
- Outcome
- rate of germinatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1.4e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a significantly higher rate of germination (1.4) than the control”
e1“bovine dung slurry treatment”
t0“rosemary”
Claim · model-written summary
Bovine dung slurry gave the highest leaf number, root length and seedling vigour, followed by bovine urine5.0%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinust0
- Treatment
- bovine dung slurrye0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, the root length and the seedling vigoure0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- bovine urine5.0%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The number of leaves, the root length and the seedling vigour were also recorded to be the highest for seeds treated with bovine dung slurry, followed by bovine urine5.0%.”
t0“rosemary”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · growth · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Positive and negative results
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- negative
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →seed treatment · growth · Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.