Abstract
Low productivity and poor fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × C. deliciosa Tenora) are major issues faced by growers. Moringa (Moringa olifera L.) leaf extract (MLE) being rich in minerals, growth hormone (cytokinins), phenolic compounds and antioxidants is considered as promising natural growth promoter for plants. Hence, the present research was planned to evaluate the efficacy of MLE on leaf nutrient concentration, productivity and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin. In first experiment effect of different concentration of MLE (2%, 3%, 4% or 5%) sprayed to ‘Kinnow’ trees after harvest were studied on leaf mineral nutrients, chlorophyll and ascorbic acid contents. Result showed that 3% MLE foliar application increased the levels of mineral nutrients, chlorophyll a and ascorbic acid contents in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin leaves as compared to other treatments. In second experiment, 3% MLE was sprayed at different growth stages viz., at before flowering (February), at full bloom stage, before flowering + fruit set stages, pre mature stage (3rd week of September) or flowering + full bloom stage + pre-mature stages. Results indicated that highest increase in leaf K, Ca and Zn contents, yield, number of marketable fruits, soluble solid contents, reducing sugars and total phenolic contents were found with 3% MLE application at pre mature stage. Whereas, maximum leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, fruit weight, fruit size, juice weight, titratable acidity (TA), total and reducing sugars were observed in trees treated with 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stages. Total antioxidants were found to be higher in fruits treated with 3% MLE at before flowering. Thus, it may be concluded that exogenous application of 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stage improves fruit physical quality; whereas, 3% MLE at pre mature stage increases the yield and bio-chemical quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar 3% Moringa leaf extract increased leaf mineral nutrients, chlorophyll a and ascorbic acid contents compared with other treatments in Kinnow mandarin.
Verbatim
e0“Result showed that 3% MLE foliar application increased the levels of mineral nutrients, chlorophyll a and ascorbic acid contents in ‘Kinnow’ mandarin leaves as compared to other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at the pre-mature stage gave the highest increase in leaf K, Ca and Zn contents in Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe1
- Treatment
- 3% MLE application at pre mature stagee1
- Outcome
- leaf K, Ca and Zn contentse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e1“Results indicated that highest increase in leaf K, Ca and Zn contents, yield, number of marketable fruits, soluble solid contents, reducing sugars and total phenolic contents were found with 3% MLE application at pre mature stage”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at the pre-mature stage gave the highest increase in yield, number of marketable fruits and soluble solid contents of Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- 3% MLE application at pre mature stagee1
- Outcome
- yield, number of marketable fruits, soluble solid contentse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e1“Results indicated that highest increase in leaf K, Ca and Zn contents, yield, number of marketable fruits, soluble solid contents, reducing sugars and total phenolic contents were found with 3% MLE application at pre mature stage”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at the pre-mature stage gave the highest increase in reducing sugars and total phenolic contents of Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- 3% MLE application at pre mature stagee1
- Outcome
- reducing sugars and total phenolic contentse1
- Direction
- highest increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e1“Results indicated that highest increase in leaf K, Ca and Zn contents, yield, number of marketable fruits, soluble solid contents, reducing sugars and total phenolic contents were found with 3% MLE application at pre mature stage”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at before-flowering plus fruit-set stages gave maximum leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations in Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Organ / stage
- leafe2
- Treatment
- 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stagese2
- Outcome
- leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrationse2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e2“Whereas, maximum leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, fruit weight, fruit size, juice weight, titratable acidity (TA), total and reducing sugars were observed in trees treated with 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stages”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at before-flowering plus fruit-set stages gave maximum fruit weight, fruit size and juice weight in Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stagese2
- Outcome
- fruit weight, fruit size, juice weighte2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e2“Whereas, maximum leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, fruit weight, fruit size, juice weight, titratable acidity (TA), total and reducing sugars were observed in trees treated with 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stages”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE at before-flowering plus fruit-set stages gave maximum titratable acidity and total and reducing sugars in Kinnow mandarin.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Treatment
- 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stagese2
- Outcome
- titratable acidity (TA), total and reducing sugarse2
- Direction
- maximume2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e2“Whereas, maximum leaf Mn, chlorophyll a and b concentrations, fruit weight, fruit size, juice weight, titratable acidity (TA), total and reducing sugars were observed in trees treated with 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stages”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE applied before flowering increased total antioxidants in Kinnow mandarin fruits.
- Taxon
- mandarint0
- Material
- Kinnowt0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse3
- Treatment
- 3% MLE at before floweringe3
- Outcome
- Total antioxidantse3
- Direction
- highere3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e3“Total antioxidants were found to be higher in fruits treated with 3% MLE at before flowering”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 3% MLE applied at before flowering plus fruit set improves Kinnow mandarin fruit physical quality.
Verbatim
t0“‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
e4“Thus, it may be concluded that exogenous application of 3% MLE at before flowering + fruit set stage improves fruit physical quality”
Claim · model-written summary
3% MLE applied at the pre-mature stage increases the yield and bio-chemical quality of Kinnow mandarin fruit.
Verbatim
e5“whereas, 3% MLE at pre mature stage increases the yield and bio-chemical quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin fruit”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.