Abstract
A field study was conducted in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 to evaluate the effects of air injection into an irrigation stream during the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) process on the nutritional values and productivity of potato grown in clay loam soil. Two irrigation treatments (non-aerated and aerated) and six fertilizer applications (chicken, cow, rabbit, compost, mineral, and chicken + biochar) were compared. In the first growing season, the maximum yield occurred under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (36.25 ton ha−1), while the minimum yield occurred under non-aerated treatment with chicken fertilizer (24.00 ton ha−1). On the other hand, the maximum and minimum yields in the second growing season were 35.00 and 24.74 ton ha−1 under aerated and non-aerated treatments with cow fertilizer, respectively. Maximum water productivity was achieved under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (10.04 and 9.13 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively), while minimum water productivity was achieved under the non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizer (5.91 and 5.26 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively). Fertilization using aerated treatment yielded the best results and the highest coupling after air injection, compared with the traditional methods of adding soil fertilizer without aeration. The plant growth parameters significantly increased following aeration relative to non-aerated treatments for all fertilizer applications in both growing seasons. Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration with cow fertilizer gave the highest first-season potato yield, 36.25 ton ha−1.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Treatment
- aerated treatment with cow fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 36.25 ton ha−1e0
- Setting
- first growing seasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the first growing season, the maximum yield occurred under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (36.25 ton ha−1)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-aeration with chicken fertilizer gave the lowest first-season potato yield, 24.00 ton ha−1.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- non-aerated treatment with chicken fertilizere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 24.00 ton ha−1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum yield occurred under non-aerated treatment with chicken fertilizer (24.00 ton ha−1)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration with cow fertilizer gave the highest second-season potato yield, 35.00 ton ha−1.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- aeratede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 35.00e0
- Qualifier
- cow fertilizere0
- Comparator
- non-aeratede0
- Setting
- second growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum and minimum yields in the second growing season were 35.00 and 24.74 ton ha−1 under aerated and non-aerated treatments with cow fertilizer, respectively”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-aeration with cow fertilizer gave the lowest second-season potato yield, 24.74 ton ha−1.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- non-aeratede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 24.74 ton ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- cow fertilizere0
- Comparator
- aeratede0
- Setting
- second growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum and minimum yields in the second growing season were 35.00 and 24.74 ton ha−1 under aerated and non-aerated treatments with cow fertilizer, respectively”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration with cow fertilizer gave the highest first-season water productivity, 10.04 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- aerated treatment with cow fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 10.04e0
- Setting
- first and second growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum water productivity was achieved under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (10.04 and 9.13 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration with cow fertilizer gave the highest second-season water productivity, 9.13 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- aerated treatment with cow fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- Maximume0
- Value
- 9.13 kg m−3e0
- Setting
- second growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Maximum water productivity was achieved under aerated treatment with cow fertilizer (10.04 and 9.13 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-aeration with chicken and biochar fertilizer gave the lowest first-season water productivity, 5.91 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 5.91e0
- Setting
- first and second growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum water productivity was achieved under the non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizer (5.91 and 5.26 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-aeration with chicken and biochar fertilizer gave the lowest second-season water productivity, 5.26 kg m−3.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizere0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 5.26 kg m−3e0
- Setting
- second growing seasonse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“minimum water productivity was achieved under the non-aerated treatment with chicken + biochar fertilizer (5.91 and 5.26 kg m−3 for the first and second growing seasons, respectively)”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aerated fertilization produced the best results compared with fertilization without aeration.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Fertilization using aerated treatmente0
- Outcome
- best resultse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- traditional methods of adding soil fertilizer without aeratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization using aerated treatment yielded the best results and the highest coupling after air injection, compared with the traditional methods of adding soil fertilizer without aeration”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Aeration significantly increased potato growth parameters across fertilizers and both seasons.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- aeratione0
- Outcome
- plant growth parameterse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- all fertilizer applications in both growing seasonse0
- Comparator
- non-aerated treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The plant growth parameters significantly increased following aeration relative to non-aerated treatments for all fertilizer applications in both growing seasons”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection increased soil–air exchange for potato production.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- soil–air exchange ratee0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection promoted water infiltration in potato soil.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- water infiltration ratese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection promoted potato nutrient absorption.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- nutrient absorptione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection reduced potato drainage water.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- drainage watere0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection increased potato water productivity.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- water productivitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
Claim · model-written summary
Air injection reduced overall irrigation requirements for potato.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Air injection into the soile0
- Outcome
- overall irrigation requirementse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Air injection into the soil for potatoes, unsurprisingly, not only benefitted the crop by increasing the soil–air exchange rate but also promoted water infiltration rates and nutrient absorption and reduced drainage water, thus increasing water productivity and reducing the overall irrigation requirements”
t0“Potato”
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