Abstract
Six forms of fertilizers and three rotations have been examined for 120 years in the ”︁Eternal Rye trial” in Halle (central German arid region, Haplic Phaeozem on sandy loess). Rank analysis, trend analysis and a new component model have been found to be suitable statistical methods to evaluate long-term results without true replications. In this trial it was shown that mineral fertilization maintains like farmyard manuring the yield potential although at lower content of soil organic matter (SOM). Without fertilization, yield decline was greater with potato and silage maize than winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Deficiencies in N fertilization lead immediately, and in PK supply after more than 20 years, to a significant yield decrease which could be quickly compensated by full fertilization. Rye and maize monocultures also resulted in yield decreases. The establishing of new steady states in the turnover of SOM took about 50 years after changes in fertilization. Contrary to rye monoculture, both silage maize monoculture and potato alternating with winter rye caused considerable decomposition of SOM. According to analytical pyrolysis (Py-FIMS and Py-GC/MS), fertilization affects the SOM composition more than rotation. Without fertilization, a higher percentage of thermically stable SOM remained in comparison to the FYM soils. The introduction of potato into the rotation enhanced the content of easily decomposable SOM. Einfluss von Düngung und Fruchtfolge auf organische Bodensubstanz und Pflanzenerträge im Ewigen Roggenbau in Halle (Saale), Deutschland Der Ewige Roggenbau in Halle (Saale) (Mitteldeutsches Trockengebiet, Braunschwarzerde auf Sandlöss) beinhaltet sechs Düngungsvarianten sowie drei Fruchtfolgen. Rangzahl-, Trendanalysen nd ein neues Komponentenmodell erwiesen sich als geeignete statistische Methoden, um die langjährigen Ergebnisse ohne echte Wiederholungen auszuwerten. Der 120jährige Dauerversuch zeigt folgende wesentlichen Ergebnisse: Die mineralische Volldüngung erhielt ebenso wie Stallmist das Ertragspotenzial, jedoch bei niedrigerem Gehalt an organischer Bodensubstanz (SOM). Kartoffel und Silomais reagierten ohne Düngung wesentlich stärker mit Ertragsrückgang als Winterroggen (Secale cereale L.). Mangel in der N-Düngung führte sofort und Mangel in der PK-Zufuhr auf Grund des Bodenvorrates erst nach mehr als 20 Jahren zu deutlichen Mindererträgen, die aber bei entsprechender Aufdüngung des Bodens schnell wieder ausgeglichen werden konnten. Roggen- und auch Maisselbstfolge verursachten eine deutliche Ertragsminderung. Neue Fließgleichgewichte im SOM-Umsatz stellten sich nach einer Düngungsänderung erst nach ca. 50 Jahren ein. Silomais in Monokultur und Kartoffelanbau im Wechsel mit Winterroggen riefen im Vergleich zur Roggenselbstfolge einen deutlichen Abbau an SOM hervor. Die Ergebnisse der Pyrolyseanalytik (Py-FIMS und Py-GC/MS) zeigen, dass die Düngung einen größeren Einfluss als die Fruchtfolge auf die Zusammensetzung der SOM hatte. Ohne Düngung verblieb ein höherer Anteil thermisch stabiler SOM im Vergleich zu den Stallmist-Böden. Die Einführung der Kartoffel in die Fruchtfolge erhöhte den Anteil leicht umsetzbarer SOM.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Statistical approaches were suitable for unreplicated long-term results.
- Outcome
- long-term resultse0
Not reportedTaxonComparatorValue
Verbatim
e0“Rank analysis, trend analysis and a new component model have been found to be suitable statistical methods to evaluate long-term results without true replications.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization maintained yield potential like farmyard manure.
- Taxon
- Rye
Secale cerealet0 - Treatment
- mineral fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield potentiale0
- Direction
- maintainse0
- Comparator
- farmyard manuringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mineral fertilization maintains like farmyard manuring the yield potential”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Mineral fertilization had lower soil organic matter than farmyard manure.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- mineral fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- content of soil organic mattere0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- farmyard manuringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mineral fertilization maintains like farmyard manuring the yield potential although at lower content of soil organic matter (SOM)”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fertilizer potato yield fell more than winter rye yield.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- Without fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield declinee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- winter ryee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without fertilization, yield decline was greater with potato and silage maize than winter rye (Secale cereale L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fertilizer silage maize yield fell more than winter rye yield.
Verbatim
e0“Without fertilization, yield decline was greater with potato and silage maize than winter rye (Secale cereale L.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen deficiency immediately reduced yield.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- Deficiencies in N fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deficiencies in N fertilization lead immediately, and in PK supply after more than 20 years, to a significant yield decrease”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
PK deficiency reduced yield after more than 20 years.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- PK supplye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- after more than 20 yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in PK supply after more than 20 years, to a significant yield decrease”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Full fertilization quickly compensated yield decreases.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- full fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- yield decreasee0
- Direction
- compensatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield decrease which could be quickly compensated by full fertilization”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Rye monoculture decreased yield.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealee0
- Treatment
- Ryee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- decreasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye and maize monocultures also resulted in yield decreases.”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize monoculture decreased yield.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rye and maize monocultures also resulted in yield decreases.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic matter turnover reached new steady states after about 50 years.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The establishing of new steady states in the turnover of SOM took about 50 years after changes in fertilization.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silage maize monoculture decomposed more soil organic matter than rye monoculture.
Verbatim
e0“Contrary to rye monoculture, both silage maize monoculture and potato alternating with winter rye caused considerable decomposition of SOM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato alternating with winter rye decomposed soil organic matter relative to rye monoculture.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- potato alternating with winter ryee0
- Outcome
- decomposition of SOMe0
- Direction
- considerablee0
- Comparator
- rye monoculturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Contrary to rye monoculture, both silage maize monoculture and potato alternating with winter rye caused considerable decomposition of SOM.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilization affected soil organic matter composition more than rotation.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- SOM compositione0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- rotatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilization affects the SOM composition more than rotation”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Unfertilized soil had a higher percentage of thermally stable organic matter.
- Taxon
- RyeSecale cerealet0
- Treatment
- Without fertilizatione0
- Outcome
- thermically stable SOMe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- FYM soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without fertilization, a higher percentage of thermically stable SOM remained in comparison to the FYM soils.”
t0“Rye”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato in rotation increased easily decomposable soil organic matter.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- introduction of potato into the rotatione0
- Outcome
- content of easily decomposable SOMe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The introduction of potato into the rotation enhanced the content of easily decomposable SOM.”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Secale cereale (rye)Positive and negative results
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- negative
48 papers more in this group
See all 52 papers →rotation · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
67 papers in the same direction as this paper · 254 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
318 papers more in this group
See all 322 papers →fertilization · yield · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 394 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
446 papers more in this group
See all 450 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.