Abstract
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus and soil phosphorus levels (P) sole or combined application were studied on growth parameters, total chlorophyll, chemical concentrations, yield and quality as well as mycorrhizal dependency (MD) of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm, Mansoura Horticulture Research Station, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015. A factorial design 2X3 experiment was designed and conducted to characterize the relationships between three soil phosphorus levels (0, 50% and 100% of recommended P fertilization) and two vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi treatments which were without mycorrhizae (NAMF) and with mycorrhizae (AMF). Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased all studied parameters compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. Addition of soluble phosphate improved all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K), yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan) and pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages.The interaction results between mycorrhizal bean and P amendment had higher growth records i.e., plant height, dry weight and leaf area, but no significant differences between 50% and 100%P were observed in both seasons. IN addition, 50%P was more superior in increasing total chlorophyll, chemical concentrations and yield component in AMF bean plants, except P concentration in the first season. In addition, pod characteristics was enhanced with increasing P level combined with AMF inoculation and the highest records of pod weight, length and diameter were obtained with inoculation with AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer. TSS and protein percentages of pods were significantly increased, whereas, fiber% was significantly decreased in mycorrhizal bean compared with nonmycorhizal one at the same levels of P. Mycorrhizal inoculation was more superior in improving pod quality of plants supplemented with 50%P.In general, growth, photosynthetic pigments, nutrition, yield and pod quality of snap bean plants showed a high degree of dependency on the mycorrhizal fungus in nonfertilized soil and 50%P when compared with the soil fertilized with100% P.The economic feasibility of snap bean cultivation shows that the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio (13353 LE fed-1 and 2.39, respectively) were obtained with mycorrhizal bean amended with half dose of phosphorus recommendation compared with other treatments under the condition of this study.This study confirmed that Bronco variety showed better vigorous growth of plants with higher pod yield and its quality in response to bio-fertilizer application(arbuscular vesicular mycorrhizal fungi) with the two levels of P (50,100%) and 50%P was more superior under high pH soil conditions of Nile Delta soils, where P availability is low.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased all studied parameters of snap bean compared with nonmycorrhizal plants.
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased all studied parameters compared with nonmycorrhizal plants”
e2“arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soluble phosphate improved growth parameters of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- Addition of soluble phosphatee1
- Outcome
- growth parameterse1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Addition of soluble phosphate improved all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K), yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan) and pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soluble phosphate improved photosynthetic pigment and mineral composition (N, P and K) of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- Addition of soluble phosphatee1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Addition of soluble phosphate improved all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K), yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan) and pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soluble phosphate improved yield of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- Addition of soluble phosphatee1
- Outcome
- yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan)e1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Addition of soluble phosphate improved all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K), yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan) and pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding soluble phosphate improved pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- Addition of soluble phosphatee1
- Outcome
- pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentagese1
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Addition of soluble phosphate improved all growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment, mineral composition (N, P and K), yield (yield/plant and early and total yield/feddan) and pod quality expressed as TSS, protein and fiber percentages”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal bean with P amendment had higher plant height, dry weight and leaf area of snap bean.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal bean and P amendmente1
- Outcome
- plant height, dry weight and leaf areae1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“The interaction results between mycorrhizal bean and P amendment had higher growth records i.e., plant height, dry weight and leaf area”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth records of mycorrhizal snap bean showed no significant difference between 50% and 100% P in either season.
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“The interaction results between mycorrhizal bean and P amendment had higher growth records i.e., plant height, dry weight and leaf area”
e2“no significant differences between 50% and 100%P were observed in both seasons”
Claim · model-written summary
The 50% P level was more superior in increasing total chlorophyll, chemical concentrations and yield components in AMF-inoculated snap bean, except P concentration in the first season.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- 50%Pe1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- total chlorophyll, chemical concentrations and yield componente1
- Direction
- increasinge1
- Qualifier
- except P concentration in the first seasone1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“50%P was more superior in increasing total chlorophyll, chemical concentrations and yield component in AMF bean plants, except P concentration in the first season”
Claim · model-written summary
Pod characteristics of snap bean were enhanced by increasing P level combined with AMF inoculation.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- increasing P level combined with AMF inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- pod characteristicse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“pod characteristics was enhanced with increasing P level combined with AMF inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest pod weight, length and diameter of snap bean were obtained with inoculation with AMF and 50% of the recommended P fertilizer dose.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- inoculation with AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizere1
- Interactor
- AMFe1symbiont
- Outcome
- pod weight, length and diametere1
- Direction
- higheste1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“the highest records of pod weight, length and diameter were obtained with inoculation with AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation improved pod quality of snap bean supplemented with 50% P more than in other plants.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal inoculatione1
- Outcome
- pod qualitye1
- Direction
- improvinge1
- Qualifier
- plants supplemented with 50%Pe1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Mycorrhizal inoculation was more superior in improving pod quality of plants supplemented with 50%P”
Claim · model-written summary
Snap bean growth, photosynthetic pigments, nutrition, yield and pod quality showed a high degree of dependency on the mycorrhizal fungus in nonfertilized soil and at 50% P compared with 100% P.
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“growth, photosynthetic pigments, nutrition, yield and pod quality of snap bean plants showed a high degree of dependency on the mycorrhizal fungus in nonfertilized soil and 50%P when compared with the soil fertilized with100% P”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest net return of snap bean (13353 LE fed-1) was obtained with mycorrhizal bean amended with half dose of phosphorus recommendation compared with other treatments.
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio (13353 LE fed-1 and 2.39, respectively) were obtained with mycorrhizal bean amended with half dose of phosphorus recommendation compared with other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest benefit-cost ratio of snap bean (2.39) was obtained with mycorrhizal bean amended with half dose of phosphorus recommendation compared with other treatments.
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“the highest net return and benefit-cost ratio (13353 LE fed-1 and 2.39, respectively) were obtained with mycorrhizal bean amended with half dose of phosphorus recommendation compared with other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Bronco snap bean showed better vigorous growth in response to bio-fertilizer application with two P levels.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Material
- Bronco varietye1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Interactor
- arbuscular vesicular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- vigorous growthe1
- Direction
- bettere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Bronco variety showed better vigorous growth of plants with higher pod yield and its quality in response to bio-fertilizer application(arbuscular vesicular mycorrhizal fungi)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bronco snap bean showed higher pod yield and pod quality in response to bio-fertilizer application with two P levels.
- Taxon
- snap beane0
- Material
- Bronco varietye1
- Treatment
- bio-fertilizer applicatione1
- Interactor
- arbuscular vesicular mycorrhizal fungie1symbiont
- Outcome
- pod yield and its qualitye1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of snap bean grown at El-Baramoun Farm”
e1“Bronco variety showed better vigorous growth of plants with higher pod yield and its quality in response to bio-fertilizer application(arbuscular vesicular mycorrhizal fungi)”
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