Abstract
Seed development largely depends on the long-distance transport of sucrose from photosynthetically active source leaves to seed sinks. This source-to-sink carbon allocation occurs in the phloem and requires the loading of sucrose into the leaf phloem and, at the sink end, its import into the growing embryo. Both tasks are achieved through the function of SUT sucrose transporters. In this study, we used vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.), harvested for human consumption as immature seeds, as our model crop and simultaneously overexpressed the endogenous SUT1 transporter in the leaf phloem and in cotyledon epidermal cells where import into the embryo occurs. Using this 'Push-and-Pull' approach, the transgenic SUT1 plants displayed increased sucrose phloem loading and carbon movement from source to sink causing higher sucrose levels in developing pea seeds. The enhanced sucrose partitioning further led to improved photosynthesis rates, increased leaf nitrogen assimilation, and enhanced source-to-sink transport of amino acids. Embryo loading with amino acids was also increased in SUT1-overexpressors resulting in higher protein levels in immature seeds. Further, transgenic plants grown until desiccation produced more seed protein and starch, as well as higher seed yields than the wild-type plants. Together, the results demonstrate that the SUT1-overexpressing plants with enhanced sucrose allocation to sinks adjust leaf carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and amino acid partitioning in order to accommodate the increased assimilate demand of growing seeds. We further provide evidence that the combined Push-and-Pull approach for enhancing carbon transport is a successful strategy for improving seed yields and nutritional quality in legumes.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
SUT1 overexpression increased sucrose phloem loading.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Treatment
- transgenic SUT1e0
- Gene
- SUT1e0
- Outcome
- sucrose phloem loadinge0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transgenic SUT1 plants displayed increased sucrose phloem loading”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SUT1 overexpression increased carbon movement from source to sink.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- transgenic SUT1e0
- Outcome
- carbon movement from source to sinke0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the transgenic SUT1 plants displayed increased sucrose phloem loading and carbon movement from source to sink”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SUT1 overexpression raised sucrose levels in developing seeds.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse2
- Organ / stage
- developing pea seedse0
- Treatment
- transgenic SUT1e1
- Outcome
- sucrose levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“causing higher sucrose levels in developing pea seeds”
e1“transgenic SUT1 plants”
e2“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced sucrose partitioning improved photosynthesis rates.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- enhanced sucrose partitioninge0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The enhanced sucrose partitioning further led to improved photosynthesis rates”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced sucrose partitioning increased leaf nitrogen assimilation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- enhanced sucrose partitioninge1
- Outcome
- leaf nitrogen assimilatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased leaf nitrogen assimilation”
e1“The enhanced sucrose partitioning”
e2“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced sucrose partitioning increased source to sink amino acid transport.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse2
- Treatment
- enhanced sucrose partitioninge1
- Outcome
- source-to-sink transport of amino acidse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced source-to-sink transport of amino acids”
e1“The enhanced sucrose partitioning”
e2“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SUT1 overexpressors increased amino acid loading into embryos.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- SUT1-overexpressorse0
- Outcome
- Embryo loading with amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Embryo loading with amino acids was also increased in SUT1-overexpressors”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
SUT1 overexpressors had higher protein in immature seeds.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse2
- Organ / stage
- immature seedse0
- Treatment
- SUT1-overexpressorse1
- Outcome
- protein levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in higher protein levels in immature seeds”
e1“SUT1-overexpressors”
e2“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plants produced more seed protein at desiccation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- seed proteine0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic plants grown until desiccation produced more seed protein and starch, as well as higher seed yields than the wild-type plants”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plants produced more seed starch at desiccation.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic plants grown until desiccation produced more seed protein and starch, as well as higher seed yields than the wild-type plants”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Transgenic plants had higher seed yields than wild type.
- Taxon
- Pisum sativum L.Lathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- transgenic plantse0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transgenic plants grown until desiccation produced more seed protein and starch, as well as higher seed yields than the wild-type plants”
e1“vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.)”
The same questions in other papers
sucrose · nutrient: content · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
sucrose · physiology: photosynthesis · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
sucrose · molecular: metabolites · Lathyrus oleraceus (pea)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.