Abstract
Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is a tracheomycotic fungus that colonizes the xylem of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), causing wood discoloration, brown wood streaking, gummosis and wood necrosis, which negatively affect the overall health, productivity and lifespan of vines. Current control strategies to prevent or cope with P. chlamydospora infections are frequently ineffective. Moreover, it is unclear how fungicides commonly applied in vineyards against downy and powdery mildew agents affect the wood mycobiome, including wood pathogens such as P. chlamydospora. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to assess the effects of foliar spray of grapevines with inorganic (copper oxychloride and sulfur), synthetic (penconazol and fosetyl-aluminium) and natural (Blad) fungicides currently used against the downy and powdery mildews. The subjects of our investigation were (i) the resident wood mycobiome, (ii) the early colonization by a consortium of fungal wood endophytes (ACEA1), (iii) the wood colonization success of P. chlamydospora, and (iv) the in planta interaction between P. chlamydospora and ACEA1, under greenhouse conditions, in rooted grapevine cuttings cv Cabernet Sauvignon. The data obtained suggest that the resident mycobiome is affected by different fungicide treatments. In addition, the early colonization success of the endophytes composing ACEA1 varied in response to fungicides, with relative abundances of some taxa being over- or underrepresented when compared with the control. The wood colonization by P. chlamydospora comported significant changes in the mycobiome composition and, in addition, it was greatly affected by the foliar spray with Blad, which decreased the relative abundance of this pathogen 12-fold (4.9%) when compared with the control (60.7%) and other treatments. The presence of the pathogen also decreased considerably when co-inoculated into the plant with ACEA1, reaching relative abundances between 13.9 and 2.0%, depending on the fungicide treatment applied. This study shows that fungicides sprayed to prevent infections of powdery and downy mildews have an effect on non-target fungi that colonize the endosphere of grapevines. We suggest two potential control strategies to fight P. chlamydospora, namely the foliar spray with Blad and the use of ACEA1. Further studies to confirm these results are required.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide treatments affected the resident grapevine wood mycobiome.
VitisNot reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data obtained suggest that the resident mycobiome is affected by different fungicide treatments.”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides changed early colonization success of ACEA1 endophytes.
- Treatment
- fungicidese0
- Interactor
- ACEA1e0symbiont
- Outcome
- early colonization success of the endophytes composing ACEA1e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the early colonization success of the endophytes composing ACEA1 varied in response to fungicides, with relative abundances of some taxa being over- or underrepresented when compared with the control”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
P. chlamydospora wood colonization changed grapevine mycobiome composition.
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycobiome compositione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wood colonization by P. chlamydospora comported significant changes in the mycobiome composition”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Blad spray reduced P. chlamydospora relative abundance twelvefold to 4.9% versus 60.7% in controls.
- Treatment
- foliar spray with Blade0
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae2pathogen
- Outcome
- relative abundance of this pathogene0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12-fold (4.9%)e0
- Qualifier
- 60.7%e0
- Comparator
- the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was greatly affected by the foliar spray with Blad, which decreased the relative abundance of this pathogen 12-fold (4.9%) when compared with the control (60.7%) and other treatments.”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e2“wood colonization success of P. chlamydospora”
Claim · model-written summary
ACEA1 co-inoculation reduced pathogen abundance to 13.9–2.0% depending on fungicide treatment.
- Treatment
- co-inoculated into the plant with ACEA1e0
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae2pathogen
- Second interactor
- ACEA1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- presence of the pathogene0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 13.9 and 2.0%e0
- Qualifier
- depending on the fungicide treatment appliede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of the pathogen also decreased considerably when co-inoculated into the plant with ACEA1, reaching relative abundances between 13.9 and 2.0%, depending on the fungicide treatment applied.”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
e2“wood colonization success of P. chlamydospora”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest foliar Blad spray against P. chlamydospora.
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Outcome
- foliar spray with Blade0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest two potential control strategies to fight P. chlamydospora, namely the foliar spray with Blad and the use of ACEA1.”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest ACEA1 use against P. chlamydospora.
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporaPhaeomoniella chlamydosporae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- ACEA1e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- use of ACEA1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We suggest two potential control strategies to fight P. chlamydospora, namely the foliar spray with Blad and the use of ACEA1.”
e1“grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)”
The same questions in other papers
inoculation · Phaeomoniella chlamydospora · VitisPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.