Abstract
To increase the nutritional value and levels of essential minerals in vegetable food, microgreens are promising targets. The metabolic processes of microgreens can be managed with different cultivation techniques, which include manipulating the properties of light derived by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study Brassicaceae microgreens (kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, broccoli Brassica oleracea and mizuna Brassica rapa var. Japonica) were cultivated under different light spectral quality, and the metabolic changes insoluble sugars (hexoses and sucrose), ascorbic acid, β-carotene, and contents of non-heme iron (Fe) and its connection with magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) levels were monitored. Plants grew under the primary LED light spectrum (the combination of blue light at 447 nm, red at 638 and 665 nm and far-red at 731 nm) or supplemented with LED green light at 520 nm, yellow at 595 nm, or orange at 622 nm. The photoperiod was16 h, and a total PPFD of 300 µmol m-2 s-1 was maintained. Under supplemental yellow light at 595 nm, the content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly in mizuna and broccoli. Under all supplemental light components, β-carotene accumulated in mizuna, and ascorbic acid accumulated significantly in kohlrabi. Under supplemental orange light at 622 nm, Fe, Mg, and Ca contents increased significantly in all microgreens. The accumulation of Fe was highly dependent on promoters and inhibitors of Fe absorption, as demonstrated by the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi. Thus, the metabolic changes that occurred in treated microgreens led to increases in the contents of essential nutrients. Therefore, selected supplemental LED wavelengths can be used in the cultivation of Brassicaceae microgreens to preserve and increase the contents of specific nutritionally valuable metabolites.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental yellow light increased soluble carbohydrates in mizuna.
- Taxon
- mizuna
Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinicae0 - Treatment
- supplemental yellow light at 595 nme0
- Outcome
- content of soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under supplemental yellow light at 595 nm, the content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly in mizuna and broccoli.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental yellow light increased soluble carbohydrates in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicae0 - Treatment
- supplemental yellow light at 595 nme0
- Outcome
- content of soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under supplemental yellow light at 595 nm, the content of soluble carbohydrates increased significantly in mizuna and broccoli.”
Claim · model-written summary
All supplemental light components increased β-carotene accumulation in mizuna.
- Taxon
- mizunaBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinicae0
- Treatment
- all supplemental light componentse0
- Outcome
- β-carotene accumulatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under all supplemental light components, β-carotene accumulated in mizuna, and ascorbic acid accumulated significantly in kohlrabi.”
Claim · model-written summary
All supplemental light components increased ascorbic acid accumulation in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodese0 - Treatment
- all supplemental light componentse0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acid accumulatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under all supplemental light components, β-carotene accumulated in mizuna, and ascorbic acid accumulated significantly in kohlrabi.”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental orange light increased Fe, Mg, and Ca contents in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese1
- Treatment
- supplemental orange light at 622 nme0
- Outcome
- Fe, Mg, and Ca contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under supplemental orange light at 622 nm, Fe, Mg, and Ca contents increased significantly in all microgreens.”
e1“kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, broccoli Brassica oleracea and mizuna Brassica rapa var. Japonica”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental orange light increased Fe, Mg, and Ca contents in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae1
- Treatment
- supplemental orange light at 622 nme0
- Outcome
- Fe, Mg, and Ca contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under supplemental orange light at 622 nm, Fe, Mg, and Ca contents increased significantly in all microgreens.”
e1“kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, broccoli Brassica oleracea and mizuna Brassica rapa var. Japonica”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplemental orange light increased Fe, Mg, and Ca contents in mizuna.
- Taxon
- mizunaBrassica rapa subsp. nipposinicae1
- Treatment
- supplemental orange light at 622 nme0
- Outcome
- Fe, Mg, and Ca contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under supplemental orange light at 622 nm, Fe, Mg, and Ca contents increased significantly in all microgreens.”
e1“kohlrabi Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, broccoli Brassica oleracea and mizuna Brassica rapa var. Japonica”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive correlation between Fe and Ca in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and Cae0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive correlation between Fe and Ca in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and Cae0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive correlation between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and Mge0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Positive correlation between Fe and Mg in broccoli.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicae0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and Mge0
- Direction
- positivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Negative correlation between Fe and β-carotene in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and β-carotenee0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
Negative correlation between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi.
- Taxon
- kohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodese0
- Compound
- Fee0
- Outcome
- Fe and soluble carbohydratese0
- Direction
- negativee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the very strong positive correlations between Fe and Ca and between Fe and Mg in kohlrabi and broccoli, and the strong negative correlations between Fe and β-carotene and between Fe and soluble carbohydrates in kohlrabi”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selected supplemental LED wavelengths to preserve or increase nutritionally valuable metabolites in Brassicaceae microgreens.
Verbatim
e0“selected supplemental LED wavelengths can be used in the cultivation of Brassicaceae microgreens to preserve and increase the contents of specific nutritionally valuable metabolites”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.