Abstract
The photosynthesis, productivity, and mineral content of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis cv. Detong) grown in different soil types on Jeju Island were investigated to develop soil–crop system management, with the goal of increasing crop productivity and quality. The soils were black volcanic ash soil (BS), very dark-brown volcanic ash soil (VDBS), and dark- brown non-volcanic ash soil (DBS). VDBS had a pH of 5.87, relatively close to the optimal pH range for Chinese cabbage cultivation, and slightly higher than the pH of BS and DBS; it had high contents of organic matter, available P2O5, and exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg, etc.). Growth of the cabbage head including height, diameter, fresh weight, leaf numbers, and leaf area were greater in Chinese cabbage grown in VDBS compared to BS or DBS. Root biomass was also greater in VDBS, although root length did not differ significantly among soil types. However, the soluble solid content was lower in VDBS than in BS or DBS. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II was slightly higher in VDBS and DBS, although it had stable values ≥ 0.8 in all three soil types. The SPAD values did not differ significantly and were ≥ 55 in all three soil types. The water-use efficiency (WUE) was slightly higher in VDBS, although the maximum photosynthetic rate (A) and dark respiration (Rd) did not differ among soil types. Of the mineral elements in cabbage head, total nitrogen was lower in VDBS than in BS and DBS. However, all macronutrients, except Mg, and micronutrient Cu were slightly higher in VDBS than in the other soil types. These results suggest that the relatively favorable soil conditions of VDBS (suboptimal pH, high mineral content, etc.) and high water-use efficiency of Chinese cabbage favor head growth and its nutritional value. VDBS was suitable for cultivating Chinese cabbage, considering productivity and product quality, such as its size, weight, and mineral content.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
VDBS soil had pH 5.87 and high organic matter, available P2O5 and exchangeable cations.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbage
Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0 - Outcome
- pHe0
- Value
- 5.87e0
- Setting
- VDBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VDBS had a pH of 5.87, relatively close to the optimal pH range for Chinese cabbage cultivation, and slightly higher than the pH of BS and DBS; it had high contents of organic matter, available P2O5, and exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg, etc.).”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese cabbage head height, diameter and fresh weight were greater in VDBS than in BS or DBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- height, diameter, fresh weighte0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- BS or DBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of the cabbage head including height, diameter, fresh weight, leaf numbers, and leaf area were greater in Chinese cabbage grown in VDBS compared to BS or DBS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese cabbage head leaf numbers and leaf area were greater in VDBS than BS or DBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- leaf numbers, and leaf areae0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- BS or DBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of the cabbage head including height, diameter, fresh weight, leaf numbers, and leaf area were greater in Chinese cabbage grown in VDBS compared to BS or DBS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese cabbage root biomass was greater in VDBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- Root biomasse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass was also greater in VDBS, although root length did not differ significantly among soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese cabbage root length did not differ significantly among soil types.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root biomass was also greater in VDBS, although root length did not differ significantly among soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Chinese cabbage soluble solid content was lower in VDBS than BS or DBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- soluble solid contente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- BS or DBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soluble solid content was lower in VDBS than in BS or DBS.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosystem II Fv/Fm was slightly higher in VDBS and DBS, with values at least 0.8 in all soils.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBS and DBSe0
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem IIe0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Value
- ≥ 0.8e0
- Comparator
- all three soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II was slightly higher in VDBS and DBS, although it had stable values ≥ 0.8 in all three soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
SPAD values did not differ significantly among soils and were at least 55.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- soil typese0
- Outcome
- SPAD valuese0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Value
- ≥ 55e0
- Comparator
- all three soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The SPAD values did not differ significantly and were ≥ 55 in all three soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency was slightly higher in VDBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- water-use efficiency (WUE)e0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water-use efficiency (WUE) was slightly higher in VDBS, although the maximum photosynthetic rate (A) and dark respiration (Rd) did not differ among soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum photosynthetic rate and dark respiration did not differ among soil types.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- soil typese0
- Outcome
- maximum photosynthetic rate (A) and dark respiration (Rd)e0
- Direction
- did not differe0
- Comparator
- soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The water-use efficiency (WUE) was slightly higher in VDBS, although the maximum photosynthetic rate (A) and dark respiration (Rd) did not differ among soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage head total nitrogen was lower in VDBS than BS and DBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Organ / stage
- cabbage heade0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- total nitrogene0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- BS and DBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Of the mineral elements in cabbage head, total nitrogen was lower in VDBS than in BS and DBS.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Cabbage head macronutrients other than Mg and micronutrient Cu were slightly higher in VDBS.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensist0
- Treatment
- VDBSe0
- Outcome
- all macronutrients, except Mg, and micronutrient Cue0
- Direction
- slightly highere0
- Comparator
- the other soil typese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all macronutrients, except Mg, and micronutrient Cu were slightly higher in VDBS than in the other soil types.”
t0“Improving Photosynthesis, Productivity, and the Mineral Content of Chinese Cabbage Grown on Very Dark-Brown Volcanic Ash Soil”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors considered VDBS suitable for Chinese cabbage cultivation based on productivity and product quality.
- Taxon
- Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa subsp. pekinensise0
- Outcome
- suitable for cultivating Chinese cabbagee0
- Setting
- VDBSe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VDBS was suitable for cultivating Chinese cabbage, considering productivity and product quality, such as its size, weight, and mineral content.”
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