Abstract
Abstract Plants can modify xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties to adjust to water status. Elevated [CO 2 ] can increase plant water potential via reduced stomatal conductance and water loss. This raises the question of whether elevated [CO 2 ], which thus improves plant water status, will reduce the impacts of soil water deficit on xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties of plants. To analyse the impacts of water and [CO 2 ] on maize stem xylem anatomy and hydraulic properties, we exposed potted maize plants to varying [CO 2 ] levels (400, 700, 900, and 1,200 ppm) and water levels (full irrigation and deficit irrigation). Results showed that at current [CO 2 ], vessel diameter, vessel roundness, stem cross‐section area, specific hydraulic conductivity, and vulnerability to embolism decreased under deficit irrigation; yet, these impacts of deficit irrigation were reduced at elevated [CO 2 ]. Across all treatments, midday stem water potential was tightly correlated with xylem traits and displayed similar responses. A distinct trade‐off between efficiency and safety in stem xylem water transportation in response to water deficit was observed at current [CO 2 ] but not observed at elevated [CO 2 ]. The results of this study enhance our knowledge of plant hydraulic acclimation under future climate environments and provide insights into trade‐offs in xylem structure and function.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation decreased maize vessel diameter, vessel roundness and stem cross-section area at current CO2.
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatione0
- Outcome
- vessel diameter, vessel roundness, stem cross‐section areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- at current [CO 2 ]e0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at current [CO 2 ], vessel diameter, vessel roundness, stem cross‐section area, specific hydraulic conductivity, and vulnerability to embolism decreased under deficit irrigation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation decreased specific hydraulic conductivity at current CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at current [CO 2 ], vessel diameter, vessel roundness, stem cross‐section area, specific hydraulic conductivity, and vulnerability to embolism decreased under deficit irrigation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation decreased vulnerability to embolism at current CO2.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at current [CO 2 ], vessel diameter, vessel roundness, stem cross‐section area, specific hydraulic conductivity, and vulnerability to embolism decreased under deficit irrigation”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 reduced deficit irrigation effects on xylem traits.
- Treatment
- elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- impacts of deficit irrigatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- deficit irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these impacts of deficit irrigation were reduced at elevated [CO 2 ]”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Midday stem water potential was tightly correlated with xylem traits.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“midday stem water potential was tightly correlated with xylem traits and displayed similar responses”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficiency-safety tradeoff in stem xylem water transport occurred under deficit at current CO2.
- Outcome
- trade‐off between efficiency and safety in stem xylem water transportatione0
- Qualifier
- at current [CO 2 ]e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A distinct trade‐off between efficiency and safety in stem xylem water transportation in response to water deficit was observed at current [CO 2 ]”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The efficiency-safety tradeoff was absent at elevated CO2.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not observed at elevated [CO 2 ]”
t0“maize”
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