Abstract
Abstract Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) plant growth decreases when cultivated under salinity or irrigated with salty water. Inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a method for mitigating the harmful effects of salinity on plants growth. To investigate salt-tolerant PGPB with salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive alfalfa cultivar interactions under salinity, some physiological and agronomical aspects were investigated. The inoculated plants of alfalfa cultivars with Hartmannibacter. diazotrophicus and Pseudomonas sp. bacteria were compared with non-inoculated plants. Plants were grown in growth room and irrigated with tap water until 6–7 weeks, and then, salinity stress imposed by irrigating with tap water (control), 10 dS m −1 and 20 dS m −1 NaCl. Salinity reduced relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K + , photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs), leaf number, height, and dry weight, and increased sodium in all cultivars. Inoculation of cultivars with both PGPB mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plants growth by increasing the root length and weight, nodule number, chlorophyll pigments, RWC, MSI, Pn, and gs. Chlorophyll pigments, plant height and leaf number, Na + , K + /Na + , and nodule number improved more pronounced through inoculating with Pseudomonas sp., whereas K + , carotenoids, and RWC improved more pronounced through H. diazotrophicus under salinity. The results showed inoculation with two bacteria improved growth performance in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars under 10 dS m −1 , but at high salinity (20 dS m −1 ), inoculation was successful only in salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced RWC, MSI and K + in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- Alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K +e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K +”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs)e0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K + , photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs)”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced leaf number, height and dry weight.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- leaf number, height, and dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K + , photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs), leaf number, height, and dry weight”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity increased sodium in all cultivars.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- sodiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), K + , photosynthesis rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (gs), leaf number, height, and dry weight, and increased sodium in all cultivars”
t0“Alfalfa”
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial inoculants increased alfalfa root length and weight under salinity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- both PGPBe0
- Outcome
- root length and weighte0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of cultivars with both PGPB mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plants growth by increasing the root length and weight”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial inoculants increased nodule number and chlorophyll pigments.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- both PGPBe0
- Outcome
- nodule number, chlorophyll pigmentse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of cultivars with both PGPB mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plants growth by increasing the root length and weight, nodule number, chlorophyll pigments, RWC, MSI, Pn, and gs”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial inoculants increased RWC, MSI and Pn.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- both PGPBe0
- Outcome
- RWC, MSI, Pne0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of cultivars with both PGPB mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plants growth by increasing the root length and weight, nodule number, chlorophyll pigments, RWC, MSI, Pn, and gs”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Both bacterial inoculants increased stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- both PGPBe0
- Outcome
- gse0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of cultivars with both PGPB mitigated the negative effects of salinity on plants growth by increasing the root length and weight, nodule number, chlorophyll pigments, RWC, MSI, Pn, and gs”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas sp. gave stronger improvements in chlorophyll, height and leaf number under salinity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp.e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.
Pseudomonase0symbiont - Outcome
- Chlorophyll pigments, plant height and leaf numbere0
- Direction
- improved more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- H. diazotrophicuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll pigments, plant height and leaf number, Na + , K + /Na + , and nodule number improved more pronounced through inoculating with Pseudomonas sp.”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“H. diazotrophicus under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas sp. gave stronger improvements in Na +, K + /Na + and nodule number.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- Pseudomonas sp.e0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas sp.Pseudomonase0symbiont
- Outcome
- Na + , K + /Na + , and nodule numbere0
- Direction
- improved more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- H. diazotrophicuse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Na + , K + /Na + , and nodule number improved more pronounced through inoculating with Pseudomonas sp.”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“H. diazotrophicus under salinity”
Claim · model-written summary
H. diazotrophicus gave stronger improvements in K +, carotenoids and RWC under salinity.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- H. diazotrophicuse0
- Interactor
- H. diazotrophicusHartmannibacter diazotrophicuse0symbiont
- Outcome
- K + , carotenoids, and RWCe0
- Direction
- improved more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- Pseudomonas sp.e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“K + , carotenoids, and RWC improved more pronounced through H. diazotrophicus under salinity”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“Chlorophyll pigments, plant height and leaf number, Na + , K + /Na + , and nodule number improved more pronounced through inoculating with Pseudomonas sp.”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 dS m −1, inoculation improved growth in salt tolerant cultivars.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with two bacteriae0
- Outcome
- growth performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10 dS m −1e0
- Qualifier
- salt-tolerante0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with two bacteria improved growth performance in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars under 10 dS m −1”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10 dS m −1, inoculation improved growth in salt sensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- inoculation with two bacteriae0
- Outcome
- growth performancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 10 dS m −1e0
- Qualifier
- salt-sensitivee0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“inoculation with two bacteria improved growth performance in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivars under 10 dS m −1”
t0“alfalfa”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
At 20 dS m −1, inoculation succeeded only in salt tolerant cultivars.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- successful only in salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivarse0
- Value
- 20 dS m −1e0
- Comparator
- non-inoculated plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at high salinity (20 dS m −1 ), inoculation was successful only in salt-tolerant alfalfa cultivars”
e1“compared with non-inoculated plants”
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See all 11 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.