Abstract
Urban trees provide multiple benefits for the urban dwellers such as providing aesthetic services, carbon storage and sequestration, noise reduction; reduction of air pollutants, health and physiological services. The species composition of Tabuan Jaya Recreational Park, their physical characteristics, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates of the trees in the park were measured and evaluated. A total of 254 plants belonging to 29 species were recorded. Syzygium campanulatum and Roystonea regia were the two major species recorded, each with 63 and 47 trees respectively. Trees of Saraca thaipingensis recorded SPAD index below 35, while M. elengi recorded moderate average value of 48.5 respectively. S. polyanthum recorded the highest reading with 55.3 SPAD index. P. pterocarpum recorded the highest temperature reduction of 5.7oC followed by M. atropurpurea with 4.1oC and S. mahogany with 3.2oC. Both S. polyanthum and T. pentaphylla species recorded values 2.6oC. S.campanulatum recorded the lowest rate of photosynthesis with the mean of 2.53 µmol-1 sec-1 as compared to S.thaipingensis and M. elengi with the mean of photosynthesis rate of 5.50 µmol-1 sec-1 and 6.76 µmol-1 sec-1 respectively. Tree species like Samanea saman and Millettia atropurpurea are suitable for shading with wide spreading crowns and can help to reduce the air temperatures. Pithecellobium dulce, Mimusops elengi and Peltophorum pterocarpum were planted too close to each other resulting in poor crown development. Proper and adequate planting space both below and above ground should be practiced with schedule tree maintenance and adequate fertilization.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
The park contained 254 plants from 29 species.
Verbatim
e0“A total of 254 plants belonging to 29 species were recorded”
e1“trees in the park”
Claim · model-written summary
Syzygium campanulatum was represented by 63 trees.
- Taxon
- Syzygium campanulatum
_2.jpg?width=60)
Syzygium campanulatume0 - Outcome
- species recordede0
- Value
- 63e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Syzygium campanulatum and Roystonea regia were the two major species recorded, each with 63 and 47 trees respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Roystonea regia was represented by 47 trees.
- Taxon
- Roystonea regia
Roystonea regiae0 - Outcome
- species recordede0
- Value
- 47 treese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Syzygium campanulatum and Roystonea regia were the two major species recorded, each with 63 and 47 trees respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Saraca thaipingensis had a SPAD index below 35.
- Taxon
- Saraca thaipingensis
Saraca thaipingensise0 - Outcome
- SPAD indexe0
- Direction
- belowe0
- Value
- 35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Trees of Saraca thaipingensis recorded SPAD index below 35”
Claim · model-written summary
M. elengi had an average SPAD value of 48.5.
- Taxon
- M. elengi
Mimusops elengie0 - Outcome
- SPAD indexe1
- Value
- 48.5e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. elengi recorded moderate average value of 48.5 respectively”
e1“SPAD index below 35, while M. elengi”
Claim · model-written summary
S. polyanthum had the highest SPAD index, 55.3.
- Taxon
- S. polyanthum
Syzygium polyanthume0 - Outcome
- SPAD indexe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 55.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S. polyanthum recorded the highest reading with 55.3 SPAD index”
Claim · model-written summary
P. pterocarpum had the highest temperature reduction, 5.7oC.
- Taxon
- P. pterocarpum
Peltophorum pterocarpume0 - Outcome
- temperature reductione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.7oCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“P. pterocarpum recorded the highest temperature reduction of 5.7oC”
Claim · model-written summary
M. atropurpurea reduced temperature by 4.1oC.
Verbatim
e0“M. atropurpurea with 4.1oC”
e1“temperature reduction of 5.7oC followed by M. atropurpurea with 4.1oC”
Claim · model-written summary
S. mahogany reduced temperature by 3.2oC.
Verbatim
e0“S. mahogany with 3.2oC”
e1“temperature reduction of 5.7oC followed by M. atropurpurea with 4.1oC and S. mahogany with 3.2oC”
Claim · model-written summary
S. polyanthum reduced temperature by 2.6oC.
- Taxon
- S. polyanthumSyzygium polyanthume0
- Outcome
- temperature reductione1
- Value
- 2.6oCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both S. polyanthum and T. pentaphylla species recorded values 2.6oC”
e1“temperature reduction of 5.7oC”
Claim · model-written summary
T. pentaphylla reduced temperature by 2.6oC.
Verbatim
e0“Both S. polyanthum and T. pentaphylla species recorded values 2.6oC”
e1“temperature reduction of 5.7oC”
Claim · model-written summary
S.campanulatum had the lowest photosynthesis rate, 2.53 µmol-1 sec-1.
- Taxon
- S.campanulatumSyzygium campanulatume0
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.53 µmol-1 sec-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S.campanulatum recorded the lowest rate of photosynthesis with the mean of 2.53 µmol-1 sec-1”
Claim · model-written summary
S.thaipingensis had a mean photosynthesis rate of 5.50 µmol-1 sec-1.
- Taxon
- S.thaipingensisSaraca thaipingensise0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Value
- 5.50 µmol-1 sec-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S.thaipingensis and M. elengi with the mean of photosynthesis rate of 5.50 µmol-1 sec-1 and 6.76 µmol-1 sec-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
M. elengi had a mean photosynthesis rate of 6.76 µmol-1 sec-1.
- Taxon
- M. elengiMimusops elengie0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis ratee0
- Value
- 6.76 µmol-1 sec-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“S.thaipingensis and M. elengi with the mean of photosynthesis rate of 5.50 µmol-1 sec-1 and 6.76 µmol-1 sec-1 respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Samanea saman was judged suitable for shading due to wide crowns and air cooling.
- Taxon
- Samanea saman
Samanea samane0 - Outcome
- suitable for shadinge0
- Qualifier
- wide spreading crownse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tree species like Samanea saman and Millettia atropurpurea are suitable for shading with wide spreading crowns and can help to reduce the air temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Millettia atropurpurea was judged suitable for shading due to wide crowns and air cooling.
Verbatim
e0“Tree species like Samanea saman and Millettia atropurpurea are suitable for shading with wide spreading crowns and can help to reduce the air temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Close planting of Pithecellobium dulce was associated with poor crown development.
- Taxon
- Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulcee0 - Treatment
- planted too close to each othere0
- Outcome
- poor crown developmente0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pithecellobium dulce, Mimusops elengi and Peltophorum pterocarpum were planted too close to each other resulting in poor crown development”
Claim · model-written summary
Close planting of Mimusops elengi was associated with poor crown development.
- Taxon
- Mimusops elengiMimusops elengie0
- Treatment
- planted too close to each othere0
- Outcome
- poor crown developmente0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pithecellobium dulce, Mimusops elengi and Peltophorum pterocarpum were planted too close to each other resulting in poor crown development”
Claim · model-written summary
Close planting of Peltophorum pterocarpum was associated with poor crown development.
- Taxon
- Peltophorum pterocarpumPeltophorum pterocarpume0
- Treatment
- planted too close to each othere0
- Outcome
- poor crown developmente0
- Direction
- poore0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pithecellobium dulce, Mimusops elengi and Peltophorum pterocarpum were planted too close to each other resulting in poor crown development”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend adequate planting space, scheduled maintenance and fertilization for park trees.
Verbatim
e0“Proper and adequate planting space both below and above ground should be practiced with schedule tree maintenance and adequate fertilization”
e1“trees in the park”