Abstract
Image analysis of developmental processes in plants reveals both growth and organ movement. This study proposes a methodology to study growth and movement. It includes the standard acquisition of internal and external reference points and coordinates, coordinates transformation, curve fitting and the corresponding statistical analysis. Several species with different growth habits were used including Antirrhinum majus, A. linkianum, Petunia x hybrida and Fragaria x ananassa. Complex growth patterns, including gated growth, could be identified using a generalized additive model. Movement, and in some cases, growth, could not be adjusted to curves due to drastic changes in position. The area under the curve was useful in order to identify the initial stage of growth of an organ, and its growth rate. Organs displayed either continuous movements during the day with gated day/night periods of maxima, or sharp changes in position coinciding with day/night shifts. The movement was dependent on light in petunia and independent in F. ananassa. Petunia showed organ movement in both growing and fully-grown organs, while A. majus and F. ananassa showed both leaf and flower movement patterns linked to growth. The results indicate that different mathematical fits may help quantify growth rate, growth duration and gating. While organ movement may complicate image and data analysis, it may be a surrogate method to determine organ growth potential.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
A generalized additive model identified complex growth patterns including gated growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- Complex growth patternse0
- Value
- gated growthe0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Complex growth patterns, including gated growth, could be identified using a generalized additive model.”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Abrupt position changes prevented fitting movement and sometimes growth to curves.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- Movement, and in some cases, growthe0
- Qualifier
- drastic changes in positione0
- Comparator
- curvese0
Verbatim
e0“Movement, and in some cases, growth, could not be adjusted to curves due to drastic changes in position.”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Area under the curve identified the initial growth stage and organ growth rate.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- initial stage of growth of an organ, and its growth ratee0
- Value
- area under the curvee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The area under the curve was useful in order to identify the initial stage of growth of an organ, and its growth rate.”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Organs showed continuous daily movements with gated maxima or abrupt day night position changes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- continuous movements during the day with gated day/night periods of maxima, or sharp changes in positione0
Verbatim
e0“Organs displayed either continuous movements during the day with gated day/night periods of maxima, or sharp changes in position coinciding with day/night shifts.”
t0“plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Petunia organ movement depended on light.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PetuniaNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_flowers_in_Westgate_Gardens%2C_Canterbury.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The movement was dependent on light in petunia and independent in F. ananassa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fragaria organ movement did not depend on light.
- Taxon
- F. ananassa
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- lighte0
- Outcome
- movemente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The movement was dependent on light in petunia and independent in F. ananassa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Petunia had movement in growing and fully grown organs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Petunia showed organ movement in both growing and fully-grown organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Antirrhinum majus had leaf and flower movement linked to growth.
- Taxon
- A. majus
Antirrhinum majuse0 - Outcome
- leaf and flower movement patterns linked to growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. majus and F. ananassa showed both leaf and flower movement patterns linked to growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fragaria ananassa had leaf and flower movement linked to growth.
- Taxon
- F. ananassaFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- leaf and flower movement patterns linked to growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A. majus and F. ananassa showed both leaf and flower movement patterns linked to growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Different mathematical fits may quantify growth rate, duration and gating.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Outcome
- growth rate, growth duration and gatinge0
- Value
- different mathematical fitse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“different mathematical fits may help quantify growth rate, growth duration and gating.”
t0“plants”