Abstract
The combination of zero tillage (ZT) and crop residue retention can substantially improve soil structure and reduce the risk of erosion. Growing conditions for crops are substantially altered in such systems and the question whether specific varieties adapted to ZT conditions need to be developed is not answered. Most published research assessed Genotype by Tillage interactions, which are rarely significant, using genotypes generally developed under CT conditions. CIMMYT’s durum wheat breeding program went beyond this approach and performed parallel early generation selection within 16 crosses both in conventional tilled (CT) and ZT soils with the aim of comparing the effect of selection environment (either CT or ZT) on the performance of selected progenies. From 16 initial crosses, 234 lines were selected under CT and 250 under ZT. All 484 lines were subsequently tested for yield and growth traits during three seasons near Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico in three different testing environments. Those included ZT and CT with full irrigation and CT with reduced irrigation. Early vegetative growth was slightly improved with selection under ZT in all testing environments. Grain yield was highest in ZT testing environment, with a very small average difference in 2013 (0.11 t ha-1) and larger differences in 2014 (0.65 t ha-1) and 2015 (0.42 t ha-1). The differences between selection streams observed for yield were marginal and in most cases not significant. We conclude that, within the germplasm pool handled in CIMMYT’s durum wheat breeding program, selection can be conducted under either tillage conditions without affecting negatively the performance of resulting progenies. The neutrality of selection under ZT in relation to performance of progenies is a likely hypothesis that should be tested in other ZT conditions and germplasm pool combinations.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Selection under zero tillage slightly improved early vegetative growth across all testing environments.
- Taxon
- Durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durumt0 - Treatment
- selection under ZTe0
- Outcome
- Early vegetative growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- all testing environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Durum wheat”
e0“Early vegetative growth was slightly improved with selection under ZT in all testing environments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield was highest in the zero tillage testing environment, with differences of 0.11, 0.65 and 0.42 t ha-1 in 2013, 2014 and 2015.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Treatment
- ZT testing environmente0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 0.11 t ha-1e0
- Qualifier
- 2013e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Durum wheat”
e0“Grain yield was highest in ZT testing environment, with a very small average difference in 2013 (0.11 t ha-1) and larger differences in 2014 (0.65 t ha-1) and 2015 (0.42 t ha-1).”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield differences between selection streams were marginal and usually not significant.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Qualifier
- marginal and in most cases not significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Durum wheat”
e0“The differences between selection streams observed for yield were marginal and in most cases not significant.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that selection under either tillage condition does not negatively affect progeny performance within the studied germplasm pool.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- selection can be conducted under either tillage conditionse0
- Qualifier
- within the germplasm pool handled in CIMMYT’s durum wheat breeding programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Durum wheat”
e0“within the germplasm pool handled in CIMMYT’s durum wheat breeding program, selection can be conducted under either tillage conditions without affecting negatively the performance of resulting progenies.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed testing the apparent neutrality of zero tillage selection in other environments and germplasm pools.
- Taxon
- Durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durumt0
- Outcome
- should be tested in other ZT conditions and germplasm pool combinationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Durum wheat”
e0“The neutrality of selection under ZT in relation to performance of progenies is a likely hypothesis that should be tested in other ZT conditions and germplasm pool combinations.”
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