Abstract
In semi-arid Mediterranean areas, there is a growing interest in adopting conservation tillage practices for their advantages in improving soils fertility, reducing production costs, and stabilizing crop yields. The aim of this study conducted in the 2019 and 2020 seasons was to investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria. Tillage systems had a significant effect on the average yield of the 2 years, with NT being 28% and 35% higher than CT and MT, respectively—a trend even more evident in the second year under observation. The superiority of NT (p < 0.001) in the second year (2020) is mainly due to the increased spikes density (318.93 spikes m2 under NT vs. 225.07 and 215.20 spikes m2 under MT and CT, respectively). Yield components and quality parameters were more affected by climatic conditions than by tillage treatments. The number of kernels per spike being the most affected by water and heat stresses occurred in 2020 season. A decrease of 51% is noted regardless of the tillage treatment, which negatively affected the grain yield in that year (1.9 vs. 1.3 t ha−1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively). This stress also induced an increase in grain protein content, but a reduction of its weight. The results of this study conducted in the early transition from conventional to conservation tillage show that durum wheat grown under NT results in higher grain yield than the other systems in the specific operative conditions of the study region, providing better seed emergence and better spikes density, especially in the dry years. Moreover, the quality parameters are more affected by weather conditions than by the tillage system—with an interaction year × tillage system significant only for the grain.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave 28% and 35% higher average grain yield than conventional and minimum tillage.
- Taxon
- durum wheat
Triticum turgidum subsp. durume0 - Material
- Simetoe0
- Treatment
- no-tillage (NT)e0
- Outcome
- average yielde1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 28% and 35%e1
- Comparator
- CT and MTe1
- Setting
- semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e1“Tillage systems had a significant effect on the average yield of the 2 years, with NT being 28% and 35% higher than CT and MT”
Claim · model-written summary
The superiority of no-tillage in 2020 was mainly due to increased spike density.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- no-tillage (NT)e0
- Outcome
- spikes densitye2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 318.93 spikes m2e2
- Qualifier
- in the second year (2020)e2
- Comparator
- MT and CTe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e2“The superiority of NT (p < 0.001) in the second year (2020) is mainly due to the increased spikes density (318.93 spikes m2 under NT vs. 225.07 and 215.20 spikes m2 under MT and CT, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and heat stress in 2020 decreased the number of kernels per spike by 51% regardless of tillage.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- water and heat stressese4
- Outcome
- number of kernels per spikee4
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- 51%e3
- Qualifier
- regardless of the tillage treatmente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e3“A decrease of 51% is noted regardless of the tillage treatment”
e4“The number of kernels per spike being the most affected by water and heat stresses occurred in 2020 season”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and heat stress reduced durum wheat grain yield in 2020 to 1.3 t ha−1 from 1.9 t ha−1.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- water and heat stressese4
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- negatively affectede5
- Value
- 1.9 vs. 1.3 t ha−1e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e4“The number of kernels per spike being the most affected by water and heat stresses occurred in 2020 season”
e5“which negatively affected the grain yield in that year (1.9 vs. 1.3 t ha−1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and heat stress increased grain protein content of durum wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- This stresse6
- Outcome
- grain protein contente6
- Direction
- increasee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e6“This stress also induced an increase in grain protein content, but a reduction of its weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Water and heat stress reduced the weight of grain protein in durum wheat.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- This stresse6
- Outcome
- its weighte6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e6“This stress also induced an increase in grain protein content, but a reduction of its weight”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave better seed emergence than the other tillage systems.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- no-tillage (NT)e0
- Outcome
- seed emergencee7
- Direction
- bettere7
- Comparator
- the other systemse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e7“durum wheat grown under NT results in higher grain yield than the other systems in the specific operative conditions of the study region, providing better seed emergence and better spikes density”
Claim · model-written summary
Climatic conditions affected yield components and quality parameters more than tillage treatments did.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- climatic conditionse1
- Outcome
- Yield components and quality parameterse1
- Comparator
- tillage treatmentse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e1“Yield components and quality parameters were more affected by climatic conditions than by tillage treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The year by tillage system interaction was significant only for grain quality.
- Taxon
- durum wheatTriticum turgidum subsp. durume0
- Treatment
- tillage systeme1
- Outcome
- interaction year × tillage systeme1
- Qualifier
- only for the graine1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“investigate the effect of three tillage systems—conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT)—on grain yield, yield components, and quality indices of a durum wheat crop (Triticum durum Desf. cv. Simeto) grown in monoculture in semi-arid conditions of Northern Algeria”
e1“with an interaction year × tillage system significant only for the grain”
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